Cost efficiency of SDN in LTE-based mobile networks: Case Finland

Author(s):  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Heikki Hammainen
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1775-1791
Author(s):  
Nazila Aghayi ◽  
Samira Salehpour

The concept of cost efficiency has become tremendously popular in data envelopment analysis (DEA) as it serves to assess a decision-making unit (DMU) in terms of producing minimum-cost outputs. A large variety of precise and imprecise models have been put forward to measure cost efficiency for the DMUs which have a role in constructing the production possibility set; yet, there’s not an extensive literature on the cost efficiency (CE) measurement for sample DMUs (SDMUs). In an effort to remedy the shortcomings of current models, herein is introduced a generalized cost efficiency model that is capable of operating in a fuzzy environment-involving different types of fuzzy numbers-while preserving the Farrell’s decomposition of cost efficiency. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, the present paper is the first to measure cost efficiency by using vectors. Ultimately, a useful example is provided to confirm the applicability of the proposed methods.


2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Dianne Frisko ◽  
Desi Arisandi

Induztrialization edge and economic growth bring some consequences to the society, such as pollution or environmental damage. The responsibility is not only lies in business sector but also contributed by society and public sector-government institution as their daily operational produce some waste material. One ofmaterial use in such organization daily activities is paper. Unproper use of paper will impact on cost inefficiency, as well as environmental damage due to the main material of producing paper taken from forest.Government as public service organization mostly deals with paper in their daily administrative business. While the othersites it also encouraged to put priority on budget efficiency included in paper consumption. This study aims to describe in what extend government efficiency initiative align in it environmental concerned. Specifically this study will explore the use of paper as one of most daily resource in government office using environmental management accounting (EMA)framework. The results convey that notion on some regulation pertaining with budget efficiency in Indonesia has similarity with the spirit and the benefit provided in term of EMA application. By implementing EMA properly, government may get information on cost efficiency along with environmental sustainability.


GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 728-750
Author(s):  
Naeem Z Azeemi ◽  
Saira Khan ◽  
Sharmini Enoch ◽  
Riktesh Srivastava ◽  
Omar al Basheer ◽  
...  

The superstructure network in the Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging network targeted to enable an ecosystem of smart applications and services. It connectsphysical resources and peopletogether with software, hence contribute to sustainable growth, provided it combines and guarantees trustand security for people and businesses.  In this work we presented smart city viewpoint opt-in to the Firth Generation (5G) mobile networks. Both a framework and deployment are explored rigorously to assist and predicting robustness of IoT technologies and applications as a natural outcome of the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) in general and LTE in particular. These technologies are compared on the basis of Air Interfaces and their Specifications i.e. Adaptive Modulation and Coding, Multiple Access Schemes and Multiple Antenna Techniques along with the evolution and comparison of the Network Architectures.


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