Environmental Performance Assessment of Energy-Consuming Sectors Through Novel Data Envelopment Analysis

This study evaluates the role of information in the environmental performance index (EPI) in different energy-consuming sectors in Pakistan through a novel slack-based data envelopment analysis (DEA). The index combines energy consumption as the primary input and gross domestic product (GDP) as the desirable output and CO2 emissions as the undesirable output. Yale’s EPI measures the efficiency of the sectoral level environmental performance of primary energy consumption in the country. Performance analysis was conducted from 2009 to 2018. The sectors were assigned scores between one and zero, with zero indicating maximum decision-making unit (DMU) inefficiency and one indicating maximum DMU efficiency. Despite being in the top-performing sector, agriculture scored only 0.51 in 2018, and the electricity sector obtained 0.412. Results also show that even the best-performing sector operates below the efficiency level. The mining and quarrying sector ranked second by obtaining 0.623 EPI and 0.035 SBEPI. Results also show that much of the energy supply of Pakistan (60.17%) is focused on fossil fuels, supplemented by hydropower (33%), while nuclear, wind, biogas, and solar power account for 5.15%, 0.47%, 0.32%, and 0.03%, respectively. Nonetheless, the overall results for both measures remained reasonably consistent. According to the literature and the energy crisis and climate instability dilemma, the authors conclude that changes to a diverse green power network are a possibility and an imminent need. Similarly, the government should penalize companies with poor performance. Furthermore, to ensure the capacity development and stability of environmental management and associated actions in the country, providing access to knowledge and training to groom human resources and achieve the highest performance is crucial.

Analisis Efisiensi Relatif di Unit Pelaksana Teknis Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Tahun 2019

Tantangan pengawasan obat dan makanan mengharuskan Unit Pelaksana Teknis (UPT) BPOM bekerja optimal di tengah keterbatasan sumber daya. Analisis efisiensi relatif pada Unit Pelaksana Teknis BPOM tahun 2019 dilakukan bertujuan untuk perbaikan dalam perencanaan, penganggaran, dan kebijakan strategis BPOM dalam upaya peningkatan capaian kinerja pada masing-masing UPT. Perhitungan efisiensi relatif menggunakan metode DEA (Data envelopment Analysis). Penelitian ini menggunakan mixed method dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Sampel penelitian adalah 31 UPT BPOM yang memenuhi syarat sebagai DMU (Decision Making Unit) dan menggunakan 3 input dan 4 output yang diuji dengan metode DEA. Terdapat 10 informan dalam analisis kualitatif untuk mengetahui strategi dalam pencapaian efisiensi UPT. Hasil dari analisis terdapat 15 UPT yang efisien dan 16 UPT yang tidak efisien. Hasil wawancara diketahui bahwa UPT yang efisien dan yang tidak efisien telah melaksanakan strategi efisiensi internal dengan baik. DEA merupakan analisis efisiensi relatif dengan konsep memaksimalkan rasio output dan input. Penggunaan model VRS (Variabel return to Scale) yang mempertimbangkan proses, diharapkan mengeliminasi kekurangan yang terdapat dalam perhitungan dengan DEA. Perhitungan DEA dilakukan secara mekanik, maka diperlukan pendalaman proses untuk menggali faktor efisiensi yang tidak didapatkan dari perhitungan DEA, terlebih untuk organisasi yang dalam prosesnya melibatkan faktor eksternal yang cukup besar.

FEATURES OF FORMATION OF CORPORATE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN UKRAINE

The article establishes the need to distinguish between the concepts of corporate governance and corporate management. The constituent elements of these systems are studied according to the general characteristics: user orientation, subject, object, main participants, target direction, influence of the environment on the system, efficiency indicators. The connection and interaction between the systems of corporate governance and corporate management are revealed. The points of view of scientists on the influence of the external and internal environment of companies during the formation of systems are considered. The system of corporate management is suggested, that includes the relationship of the subject and the object of management, which as the main subsystems has the following blocks: block of strategic planning, block of decision-making on key issues, block of coordination of managers and staff, block of management efficiency and company development. The strategic planning unit involves collection and processing of information to identify possible scenarios for the company’s development, the formation of acceptable strategic alternatives, their evaluation and selection. The decision-making unit on key issues serves to transform the chosen strategy into specific targets (strategic development indicators). The unit of coordination of managers’ and staff’s work allows linking the strategic goals and key performance indicators defined for the company as a whole, with the financial and operational plans of individual business units and departments, ensuring their comparison and consistency. The block of effective management and development of the company should provide the results of the analysis of the company’s activities in the form of financial statements and conclusions obtained from its processing and analysis, management and interested stakeholders. The proposed system of corporate management will improve the efficiency of determining the methods and approaches required for the implementation of corporate management and strategic planning and accelerate the definition of processes (regulations) of interaction between the units responsible for performing certain management functions.

Finding Targets in Non-Radial FDH Models: A Hybrid Technique Based on STEM and Extended Ratio Based Approach

Performance evaluation using interactive methods and extended ratio-based approaches can be very important for some organizations. Free disposal hull models can be created if there is no concern for convexity, and using non-radial DEA models can simultaneously create more logical and practical situations for finding DMU targets. In this paper, a new hybrid technique based on the additive slack based method and enhanced Russel measure in variable return to scale technology has been proposed. The proposed technique can find decision making unit targets in non-radial free disposal hull models using the step method. Furthermore, the extended ratio-based approach in the proposed technique has been applied to find DMU targets of related non-radial free disposal hull models without solving any mathematical programming models. Finally, targets of Fars province pharmaceutical distributing companies were found by applying the proposed hybrid technique.

Performance measurement using a novel directional distance function based super efficiency model and neighborhood theory

This paper entails a systematic approach for measuring the Super Efficiency Scores of a set of rival firms. This evaluation process is dependent on the location of the worst Decision-Making Unit retained by the technology set. Unlike antecedent researches, the worst point is selected from a predefined neighbourhood with an application of a linear model. Finally, the new Super Efficiency model measures the Efficiency score while embedding the worst point within the direction vector. This two-stage model is akin to the standard form of a Directional Distance Function and does not end up with problems of infeasibility, negative data or zero data. In other words, the method is found robust to classify the Decision Making Units into the Super-Efficient, Strongly Efficient, Weakly Efficient and Inefficient groups. Two cases once addressed by Seiford and Zhu (1997) and Byrnes et al. (1984) are illustrated here to explore the functionality of the model in comparison to a few renowned ones.

Research on Intelligent Prediction Method of Financial Crisis of Listed Enterprises Based on Random Forest Algorithm

Traditional financial crisis prediction approaches have a tough time extracting the properties of financial data, resulting in financial crisis prediction with insufficient accuracy. As a result, based on the random forest algorithm, an intelligent financial crisis prediction approach for listed enterprises is proposed. The random forest method is used to mine the characteristics of financial data based on financial index data from publicly traded companies. This research develops a financial crisis prediction index system based on the findings of data feature mining. The CCR model is used to assess the efficiency of listed firms’ decision-making units with more input and output, and the efficiency index of each decision-making unit is calculated. The efficiency evaluation index of publicly traded companies is used to divide the severity of the financial crisis. The experimental results reveal that, when compared to standard prediction methods, this method’s forecast accuracy is commensurate with the actual state of businesses, and it can reduce the time it takes to predict financial crises.

Indeks Malmquist: Studi Literatur dan Kajian Kinerja Perbankan Syariah

Measurement of Islamic Banking Performance using the Malmquist Index has been widely discussed by researchers from various countries. The Malmquist index is part of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method which is used to process non-parametric data to measure the increase in Decision Making Unit (DMU) productivity. This article aims to conduct a literature study of scientific articles that research the Malmquist Index. The research method used is Literature Study, starting with determining the research topic, then conducting theoretical studies and references related to the research carried out. 12 articles have been reviewed with the criteria of literature that has relevance to the research objectives, in the form of Scientific Journals, both National Scientific Journals, Accredited National Scientific Journals, International Scientific Journals, and Reputable International Scientific Journals. The results of the study reveal that Islamic banking has positive productivity growth, based on the area of Islamic Banking outside the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), has better performance. Sharia Banking in the Southeast Asia Region, represented by Malaysia and Indonesia, alternately, received the best ranking based on the ranking by the Islamic Finance Country Index (IFCI).

Automatic assistance system for visual control of targets

The article discusses the possibility of creating a system for automating the process of searching and assessing the danger of targets using machine vision and existing ship systems. The technologies for processing images from the ship’s camera system are analyzed: object recognition by a ready-made convolutional neural retrained network, as well as object detection by SURF algorithms. The parameters of the danger of goals within the framework of the problem to be solved have been analyzed and developed, and a structural analysis has been elaborated. The functionality of the automatic operation of the system as a closed circuit has been considered. To achieve the technical result in the system as an integrated part of the ship’s equipment based on cognitive information processing, a composite information object from the ship’s sensors and control systems was introduced. It is decomposed into blocks in which the associated logical information processing takes place using basic modules consisting of adaptive cells-approximators as learning elements capable of independently processing information. The following units are included in the local area network: an information support unit (ISU), a decision making unit (DMU), a command-organizational unit (COU) with an operator’s workstation. The ISU is connected by a two-way communication output with aggregate LAN units, the other output is connected in series with a situation determination unit and the “model of the surrounding space” block. The survey was carried out on board a modern LNG gas carrier using ship systems.

Remembrances of a Honey Bee Biologist

Thomas Seeley's research has focused on analyzing the collective intelligence and natural lives of honey bees. This account describes how the author encountered honey bees as a boy and became a beekeeper; how he switched his career path from medicine to biology to study the behavior and social life of honey bees; and how he focuses on understanding how a honey bee colony functions when it lives in the wild, rather than in a beekeeper's hive. He has shown how a honey bee colony works as a single decision-making unit to adaptively allocate its foragers among flower patches and to choose its nesting site in a hollow tree. These findings buttress the view that, in some social insect species, the colony is a group-level vehicle of gene survival. Beyond his research, he has written three books to synthesize these findings for biologists and share these discoveries with beekeepers. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Entomology, Volume 67 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Spatial-temporal analysis for the business performance of construction consultancy services in China

PurposeThis paper presents a developed spatial-temporal analysis framework for the case of investigating the business performance of construction consultancy services (CCS) in China.Design/methodology/approachThe spatial-temporal analysis is based on the data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique. The spatial analysis follows the DEA results under a contemporaneous benchmark technology and a virtual decision-making unit, consisting of ranking analysis, cluster analysis and variation analysis. The temporal analysis is reliant on the DEA results under a global benchmark technology and the time value of money, including trend analysis and driving force analysis containing pure technical and scale efficiency factors.FindingsThree CCS types in China are investigated, including engineering survey and design, construction supervision and procurement agency. The performance rank order and cluster classifications are mainly related to economic development levels. Engineering survey and design demonstrates the best performance and higher imbalances; however, construction supervision and procurement agency illustrate lower performance and imbalances. Scale efficiency significantly promotes business performance, whereas pure technical efficiency plays an inconspicuous role.Practical implicationsThe CCS promote technical efficiency by developing their service and innovation levels. The service of engineering survey and design registered in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong is recommended for entering the service market in China.Originality/valueThe spatial-temporal analysis framework was developed, which is generic and provides a pathway to measure, compare and assess performance comprehensively. The CCS business performance is firstly measured.