Learning behavior of the eye fixation control system

1963 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Dallos ◽  
R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Learning Behavior ◽  
Eye Fixation ◽  
Fixation Control

An Evolutionary Ecological Approach to the Study of Learning Behavior Using a Robot-Based Model

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 201-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elio Tuci ◽  
Matt Quinn ◽  
Inman Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Control System ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Evolutionary Robotics ◽  
Ecological Models ◽  
Autonomous Learning ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Learning Behavior ◽  
Leaky Integrator

We are interested in the construction of ecological models of the evolution of learning behavior using methodological tools developed in the field of evolutionary robotics. In this article, we explore the applicability of integrated (i.e., nonmodular) neural networks with fixed connection weights and simple 'leaky-integrator' neurons as controllers for autonomous learning robots. In contrast to Yamauchi and Beer (1994a), we show that such a control system is capable of integrating reactive and learned behaviour without explicitly needing hand-designed modules, dedicated to a particular behavior, or an externally introduced reinforcement signal. In our model, evolutionary and ecological contingencies structure the controller and the behavioral responses of the robot. This allows us to concentrate on examining the conditions under which learning behavior evolves.

Monocular fixation in human eye movement

1967 ◽  
Vol 167 (1008) ◽  
pp. 293-315 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Digital Form ◽  
Lever System ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Fixation Control ◽  
Optical Lever ◽  
Fixation Area

The monocular eye movements associated with the maintenance of fixation have been recorded using the contact lens/optical lever system. The records, in analogue form on magnetic tape, were subsequently converted to a digital form and analysed on a computer. It is found that there is reasonable agreement between the responses of the same subject on different days, Analysis of the magnitudes and preferred directions of saccades and drifts and their interrelationships show that there is an elliptical overall fixation area which is subdivided into a series of overlapping short-period fixation areas. The results indicate that saccades occurring during fixation have one of two functions, either ( a ) to recentre the retinal image on the short-period mean fixation position, or ( b ) to move the short-period fixation area, possibly to avoid retinal receptor fatigue. An organizational model of the fixation control system has been developed from the analysis of results.

A controller for safe, convenient operation of LaB6 emitters on electron-beam instruments

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 408-409
Author(s):  
W. J. Abramson ◽  
H. W. Estry ◽  
L. F. Allard
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Control System ◽  
Thermal Shock ◽  
Appropriate Care ◽  
Electron Guns ◽  
Tungsten Filaments ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Main Components

LaB6 emitters are becoming increasingly popular as direct replacements for tungsten filaments in the electron guns of modern electron-beam instruments. These emitters offer order of magnitude increases in beam brightness, and, with appropriate care in operation, a corresponding increase in source lifetime. They are, however, an order of magnitude more expensive, and may be easily damaged (by improper vacuum conditions and thermal shock) during saturation/desaturation operations. These operations typically require several minutes of an operator's attention, which becomes tedious and subject to error, particularly since the emitter must be cooled during sample exchanges to minimize damage from random vacuum excursions. We have designed a control system for LaBg emitters which relieves the operator of the necessity for manually controlling the emitter power, minimizes the danger of accidental improper operation, and makes the use of these emitters routine on multi-user instruments.Figure 1 is a block schematic of the main components of the control system, and Figure 2 shows the control box.

Complex Problem Solving and Worked Examples

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Schmidt-Weigand ◽  
Martin Hänze ◽  
Rita Wodzinski
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Worked Examples ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Complex Problem Solving ◽  
Strategic Learning ◽  
Learning Behavior ◽  
Worked Example ◽  
8Th Grade

How can worked examples be enhanced to promote complex problem solving? N = 92 students of the 8th grade attended in pairs to a physics problem. Problem solving was supported by (a) a worked example given as a whole, (b) a worked example presented incrementally (i.e. only one solution step at a time), or (c) a worked example presented incrementally and accompanied by strategic prompts. In groups (b) and (c) students self-regulated when to attend to the next solution step. In group (c) each solution step was preceded by a prompt that suggested strategic learning behavior (e.g. note taking, sketching, communicating with the learning partner, etc.). Prompts and solution steps were given on separate sheets. The study revealed that incremental presentation lead to a better learning experience (higher feeling of competence, lower cognitive load) compared to a conventional presentation of the worked example. However, only if additional strategic learning behavior was prompted, students remembered the solution more correctly and reproduced more solution steps.

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