Monocular fixation in human eye movement

1967 ◽  
Vol 167 (1008) ◽  
pp. 293-315 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Digital Form ◽  
Lever System ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Fixation Control ◽  
Optical Lever ◽  
Fixation Area

The monocular eye movements associated with the maintenance of fixation have been recorded using the contact lens/optical lever system. The records, in analogue form on magnetic tape, were subsequently converted to a digital form and analysed on a computer. It is found that there is reasonable agreement between the responses of the same subject on different days, Analysis of the magnitudes and preferred directions of saccades and drifts and their interrelationships show that there is an elliptical overall fixation area which is subdivided into a series of overlapping short-period fixation areas. The results indicate that saccades occurring during fixation have one of two functions, either ( a ) to recentre the retinal image on the short-period mean fixation position, or ( b ) to move the short-period fixation area, possibly to avoid retinal receptor fatigue. An organizational model of the fixation control system has been developed from the analysis of results.

scholarly journals SuperWASP variable stars: classifying light curves using citizen science

2021 ◽  
Vol 502 (1) ◽  
pp. 1299-1311
Author(s):  
Heidi B Thiemann ◽  
Andrew J Norton ◽  
Hugh J Dickinson ◽  
Adam McMaster ◽  
Ulrich C Kolb
Keyword(s):  
Variable Stars ◽  
Eclipsing Binaries ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Resultant Data ◽  
Sky Survey ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Contact Binaries ◽  
Analysis Of Results

ABSTRACT We present the first analysis of results from the SuperWASP variable stars Zooniverse project, which is aiming to classify 1.6 million phase-folded light curves of candidate stellar variables observed by the SuperWASP all sky survey with periods detected in the SuperWASP periodicity catalogue. The resultant data set currently contains >1 million classifications corresponding to >500 000 object–period combinations, provided by citizen–scientist volunteers. Volunteer-classified light curves have ∼89 per cent accuracy for detached and semidetached eclipsing binaries, but only ∼9 per cent accuracy for rotationally modulated variables, based on known objects. We demonstrate that this Zooniverse project will be valuable for both population studies of individual variable types and the identification of stellar variables for follow-up. We present preliminary findings on various unique and extreme variables in this analysis, including long-period contact binaries and binaries near the short-period cut-off, and we identify 301 previously unknown binaries and pulsators. We are now in the process of developing a web portal to enable other researchers to access the outputs of the SuperWASP variable stars project.

scholarly journals Active Control of Regenerative Brake for Electric Vehicles

Actuators ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Liang Lin ◽  
Hao-Che Hung ◽  
Jia-Cheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Stopping Time ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Braking Torque ◽  
Braking Control ◽  
A Charge

Looking at new trends in global policies, electric vehicles (EVs) are expected to increasingly replace gasoline vehicles in the near future. For current electric vehicles, the motor current driving system and the braking control system are two independent issues with separate design. If a self-induced back-EMF voltage from the motor is a short circuit, then short-circuiting the motor will result in braking. The higher the speed of the motor, the stronger the braking effect. However, the effect is deficient quickly once the motor speed drops quickly. Traditional kinetic brake (i.e., in the short circuit is replaced by a resistor) and dynamic brake (the short circuit brake is replaced by a capacitor) rely on the back EMF alone to generate braking toque. The braking torque generated is usually not enough to effectively stop a rotating motor in a short period of time. In this research task, an integrated driving and braking control system is considered for EVs with an active regenerative braking control system where back electromagnetic field (EMF), controlled by the pulse-width modulation (PWM) technique, is used to charge a pump capacitor. The capacitor is used as an extra energy source cascaded with the battery as a charge pump. This is used to boost braking torque to stop the rotating motor in an efficient way while braking. Experiments are conducted to verify the proposed design. Compared to the traditional kinetic brake and dynamic brake, the proposed active regenerative control system shows better braking performance in terms of stopping time and stopping distance.

The Relation of Muscular Tonus and the Patellar Reflex to Mental Work

1929 ◽  
Vol 75 (309) ◽  
pp. 234-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. Golla ◽  
S. Antonovitch
Keyword(s):  
Mental Work ◽  
Intellectual Work ◽  
Lever System ◽  
Optical Lever ◽  
Slight Displacement

The fact that intellectual effort is accompanied by an increase of muscular tonus was demonstrated by one of us in 1921 (1), the method employed being the registration, by means of a highly magnifying optical lever system, of slight displacement of a relaxed limb. It was found that those muscles which were in a state of postural tension increased in tonus during intellectual work, whilst the fully relaxed antagonists remained unaffected.

Model-Based Calibration of a Biogas Engine Control System

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Flory ◽  
Joel Hiltner ◽  
Clay Hardenburger
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Crank Angle ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emission

Pipeline natural gas composition is monitored and controlled in order to deliver high quality, relatively consistent gas quality in terms of heating value and detonation characteristics to end users. The consistency of this fuel means gas-fired engines designed for electrical power generation (EPG) applications can be highly optimized. As new sources of high quality natural gas are found, the demand for these engines is growing. At the same time there is also an increasing need for EPG engines that can handle fuels that have wide swings in composition over a relatively short period of time. The application presented in this paper is an engine paired with an anaerobic digester that accepts an unpredictable and varying feedstock. As is typical in biogas applications, there are exhaust stream contaminants that preclude the use of an oxygen or NOx sensor for emissions feedback control. The difficulty with such a scenario is the ability to hold a given exhaust gas emission level as the fuel composition varies. One challenge is the design of the combustion system hardware. This design effort includes the proper selection of compression ratio, valve events, ignition timing, turbomachinery, etc. Often times simulation tools, such as a crank-angle resolved engine model, are used in the development of such systems in order to predict performance and reduce development time and hardware testing. The second challenge is the control system and how to implement a robust control capable of optimizing engine performance while maintaining emissions compliance. Currently there are limited options for an OEM control system capable of dealing with fuels that have wide swings in composition. Often times the solution for the engine packager is to adopt an aftermarket control system and apply this in place of the control system delivered on the engine. The disadvantage to this approach is that the aftermarket controller is not calibrated and so the packager is faced with the task of developing an entire engine calibration at a customer site. The controller must function well enough that it will run reliably during plant start-up and then eventually prove capable of holding emissions under typical operating conditions. This paper will describe the novel use of a crank-angle resolved four-stroke engine cycle model to develop an initial set of calibration values for an aftermarket control system. The paper will describe the plant operation, implementation of the aftermarket controller, the model-based calibration methodology and the commissioning of the engine.

Disturbed Eye Movements after Whiplash Due to Injuries to the Posture Control System

1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randi Gimse ◽  
Carsten Tjell ◽  
Ivar A. Bjôrgen ◽  
Carsten Saunte
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Posture Control ◽  
Posture Control System

Our Eyes do Not Always Go Where we Want Them to Go: Capture of the Eyes by New Objects

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Theeuwes ◽  
Arthur F. Kramer ◽  
Sowon Hahn ◽  
David E. Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Parallel Programming ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Color Singleton ◽  
Rapid Eye Movements ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Task Irrelevant ◽  
Singleton Target

Observers make rapid eye movements to examine the world around them. Before an eye movement is made, attention is covertly shifted to the location of the object of interest. The eyes typically will land at the position at which attention is directed. Here we report that a goal-directed eye movement toward a uniquely colored object is disrupted by the appearance of a new but task-irrelevant object, unless subjects have a sufficient amount of time to focus their attention on the location of the target prior to the appearance of the new object. In many instances, the eyes started moving toward the new object before gaze started to shift to the color-singleton target. The eyes often landed for a very short period of time (25–150 ms) near the new object. The results suggest parallel programming of two saccades: one voluntary, goal-directed eye movement toward the color-singleton target and one stimulus-driven eye movement reflexively elicited by the appearance of the new object. Neuroanatomical structures responsible for parallel programming of saccades are discussed.

The Company

2020 ◽  
pp. 165-203
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Internationalization Process ◽  
Management Control System ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Subject

This chapter presents a Portuguese company of the information technologies industry that did an internationalization process and has implemented a management control system with a very interesting complexity level and that, in reality, crosses the theory present in the different bibliographical references on the subject, with the experience and business practice of its management. Such management practices were so helpful that, in a short period, the company could internationalize its activity and turnover went from 10 million euros to 60 million euros, becoming a reference of its industry in Portugal. It should be noted that the case study was developed through the triangulation of different information sources, such as interviews and meetings, direct observations of management control practices, as well as consultation of documents and internal reports. The authors characterize the company and its evolution, national and international, as well as the management control system implemented with reference to the instruments developed in the previous chapters.

LEGAL STATUS OF THE STATE CONSTRUCTION CONTROL BUREAU

2019 ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Jeļena Krauliša
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
State Institution ◽  
The State ◽  
Construction Control ◽  
Construction Work ◽  
Short Period ◽  
State Construction ◽  
And Function

The article is devoted to the study of the legal status of the State Construction Control Bureau and its development, thus concluding the importance and necessity of the State Construction Control Bureau. The results of the State Construction Control Bureau work in relatively short period, which provide an opportunity to conclude on the role of this state institution, but also evaluate the exiting construction work control system in the country. In the article assessed the competence of the State Construction Control Bureau, as well as the rights, duties and function assigned to construction work inspectors of Bureau.

The Design of the Giant Die Forging Hydraulic Press Synchronous Control System and its Dynamic Simulation

2012 ◽  
Vol 190-191 ◽  
pp. 836-841
Author(s):  
Zhong Wei Liu ◽  
Ying Jian Deng
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Mathematic Model ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Beam Position ◽  
Synchronous Control ◽  
Die Forging ◽  
Short Period

The giant hydraulic press is the essential equipment of our country national defense and the infrastructure. The hydraulic synchronous control system is the important constituent of the hydraulic press, it is very important in improving the dimension accuracy of the product, ameliorating the force standing state of the die forging hydraulic press frame, extending the life of the die forging hydraulic press body and the moulds. To use 300 MN die forging hydraulic press’s synchronous control system for reference, according to a giant die forging hydraulic press its own characteristics, design the synchronization control system. Through the establishment of the mathematic model of the system, and choose the sliding mode-PID control strategy and simulation, the results show that :using PID sliding-mode control strategy of synchronous control system, the eccentric moment after stability, can over a short period of time after the stagnation, quickly will move back to level calibration beam position, get close to zero static deviation. But using the common sliding mode-PID can not overcome the disturbance bringing by the parameter perturbation, so the corresponding nonlinear and intelligent control strategy is particularly necessary.

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