The radian effective half-length of cylindrical antennas less than 1.3 wavelengths long

Based on the generalized Perkins-Kern-Nordgren model (PKN) for the development of a hyperbolic type vertical hydraulic fracture, an exact solution is obtained for the hydraulic fracture self-oscillations after terminating the fracturing fluid injection. These oscillations are excited by a rarefaction wave that occurs after the injection is stopped. The obtained solution was used to estimate the height, width and half-length of the hydraulic fracture at the time of stopping the hydraulic fracturing fluid injection based on the bottomhole pressure gauge data.

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Virus-Mediated Transduction of Murine Retina with Adeno-Associated Virus: Effects of Viral Capsid and Genome Size

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.76.15.7651-7660.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 76 (15) ◽

pp. 7651-7660 ◽

Cited By ~ 126

Author(s):

Grace S. Yang ◽

Michael Schmidt ◽

Ziying Yan ◽

Jonathan D. Lindbloom ◽

Thomas C. Harding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Transfer ◽

Photoreceptor Cells ◽

Cell Types ◽

Full Length ◽

Specific Cell ◽

Adeno Associated Virus ◽

Gene Therapy Vectors ◽

Retinal Degenerative Diseases ◽

Or Gene ◽

Half Length

ABSTRACT Gene therapy vectors based on adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) show promise for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases. In prior work, subretinal injections of AAV2, AAV5, and AAV2 pseudotyped with AAV5 capsids (AAV2/5) showed variable retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptor cell transduction, while AAV2/1 predominantly transduced the RPE. To more thoroughly compare the efficiencies of gene transfer of AAV2, AAV3, AAV5, and AAV6, we quantified, using stereological methods, the kinetics and efficiency of AAV transduction to mouse photoreceptor cells. We observed persistent photoreceptor and RPE transduction by AAV5 and AAV2 up to 31 weeks and found that AAV5 transduced a greater volume than AAV2. AAV5 containing full-length or half-length genomes and AAV2/5 transduced comparable numbers of photoreceptor cells with similar rates of onset of expression. Compared to AAV2, AAV5 transduced significantly greater numbers of photoreceptor cells at 5 and 15 weeks after surgery (greater than 1,000 times and up to 400 times more, respectively). Also, there were 30 times more genome copies in eyes injected with AAV2/5 than in eyes injected with AAV2. Comparing AAVs with half-length genomes, AAV5 transduced only four times more photoreceptor cells than AAV2 at 5 weeks and nearly equivalent numbers at 15 weeks. The enhancement of transduction was seen at the DNA level, with 50 times more viral genome copies in retinas injected with AAV having short genomes than in retinas injected with AAV containing full-length ones. Subretinal injection of AAV2/6 showed only RPE transduction at 5 and 15 weeks, while AAV2/3 did not transduce retinal cells. We conclude that varying genome length and AAV capsids may allow for improved expression and/or gene transfer to specific cell types in the retina.

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The Altar Partition of the Okhtyrka Assumption Cathedral of 1738: The Stylistic Decision and Iconographic Program

Vìsnik Harkìvsʹkoi deržavnoi akademìi dizajnu ì mistectv ◽

10.33625/visnik2020.03.094 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (3) ◽

pp. 94-98

Author(s):

V. Shulika ◽

Keyword(s):

18Th Century ◽

Full Length ◽

Large Format ◽

Sacred Art ◽

New Era ◽

Western Ukraine ◽

History Of ◽

Internal Influences ◽

Half Length

The article is dedicated to the iconostasis of the Assumption Cathedral in Okhtyrka (1738). The iconostasis was installed at the expense of O. Lesevytsky (a colonel of Okhtyrka regiment and a brigadier of Sloboda regiments). The icons were painted by Kharkiv icon painter V. Dmitriev. While painting he was working in Kiev‑Pechersk Laura. The iconostasis of the Assumption Cathedral became an example of an innovative decision of altar partitions not only in Slobozhanshchyna, but also in the whole of Ukraine. The altar partitions reflected the stylistic innovations relevant for the first half of the 18th century – a combination of Rococo and Classicism. The iconostasis of 1738 demonstrates that the spread of these styles in Slobozhanshchyna took place much earlier than in Central and Western Ukraine, and the sacred art of Slobozhanshchyna regiments had its own path of development. The iconostasis of the Assumption Cathedral became the first altar partition, which broke with traditional for Ukraine and, in particular, for Slobozhanshchyna, stylistic and iconographic decisions of altar partitions. It can be considered the first altar partition, which opens a new era in the history of Ukrainian iconostasis. A new solution for iconostasis in Slobozhanshchyna was the introduction of the metric type in the construction of tiers (the rhythmic type was traditionally used before that), the elimination of the Deisus tier, which was replaced by a large-format Holiday tier. The iconostasis also shows internal influences. Thus, the Sovereign tier of the iconostasis presented images of Christ, the Birth‑Giver of God and saints, depicted in full length, which was widespread in Kyiv and had not previously been typical in Slobozhanshchyna (traditionally the Sovereign (bottom) tier of the iconostasis in Slobozhanshchyna consisted of half‑length images). A new solution of the Sovereign tier of the iconostasis was probably proposed by V. Dmitriev, who could transfer part of Kyiv icon-painting tradition to Slobozhanshchyna.

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