Thresholds for Focal Ultrasonic Lesions in Rabbit Kidney, Liver, and Testicle

For quantitative determination of subcellular Ca distribution by electron probe x-ray microanalysis, decreasing (and/or eliminating) the K content of the cell maximizes the ability to accurately separate the overlapping K Kß and Ca Kα peaks in the x-ray spectra. For example, rubidium has been effectively substituted for potassium in smooth muscle cells, thus giving an improvement in calcium measurements. Ouabain, a cardiac glycoside widely used in experimental and clinical applications, inhibits Na-K ATPase at the cell membrane and thus alters the cytoplasmic ion (Na,K) content of target cells. In epithelial cells primarily involved in active transport, such as the proximal tubule of the rabbit kidney, ouabain rapidly (t1/2= 2 mins) causes a decrease2 in intracellular K, but does not change intracellular total or free Ca for up to 30 mins. In the present study we have taken advantage of this effect of ouabain to determine the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic Ca content in freeze-dried cryosections of kidney proximal tubule by electron probe x-ray microanalysis.

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INHIBITION OF THYROGLOBULIN BIOSYNTHESIS AND DEGRADATION BY EXCESS IODIDE. SYNERGISM WITH LITHIUM

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0810495 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 81 (2) ◽

pp. 495-506 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

A. Radvila ◽

R. Roost ◽

H. Bürgi ◽

H. Kohler ◽

H. Studer

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Thyroid Gland ◽

Inhibitory Action ◽

Inhibit Protein Synthesis ◽

Thyrotrophic Hormone ◽

Thyroid Glands ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Excess Iodide ◽

Kidney Liver

ABSTRACT Lithium and excess iodide inhibit the release of thyroid hormone from preformed stores. We thus tested the hypothesis that this was due to an inhibition of thyroglobulin breakdown. Rats were pre-treated with propylthiouracil (PTU) for 3 weeks in order to deplete their thyroids of thyroglobulin. While the PTU was continued, lithium chloride (0.25 mEq./100 g weight) or potassium iodide (3 mg per rat) were injected every 12 h for 3 days. Thereafter the thyroglobulin content in thyroid gland homogenates was measured. PTU pre-treatment lowered the thyroglobulin content from 4.21 to 0.22 mg/100 mg gland. Lithium caused a marked re-accumulation of thyroglobulin to 0.60 mg/100 mg within 3 days. While iodide alone had only a borderline effect, it markedly potentiated the action of lithium and a combination of the two drugs increased the thyroglobulin content to 1.04 mg/100 mg. Thyroxine was injected into similarly pre-treated animals to suppress secretion of thyrotrophic hormone. This markedly inhibited the proteolysis of thyroglobulin and 1.3 mg/100 mg gland accumulated after 3 days. Excess iodide, given in addition to thyroxine, decreased the amount of thyroglobulin accumulated to 0.75 mg/100 mg gland. To study whether this could be explained by an inhibitory action of iodide on thyroglobulin biosynthesis, thyroid glands from animals treated with excess iodide were incubated in vitro in the presence of 0.2 mm iodide for 3 h. Iodide decreased the incorporation of radioactive leucine into total thyroidal protein and into thyroglobulin by 25 and 35 % respectively. Iodide did not inhibit protein synthesis in the kidney, liver or muscle tissue. Thus, large doses of iodide selectively inhibit thyroglobulin biosynthesis.

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Structural Analysis of the Rabbit Kidney

10.1007/978-3-642-67147-0 ◽

1979 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Brigitte Kaissling ◽

Wilhelm Kriz

Keyword(s):

Structural Analysis ◽

Rabbit Kidney

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Preparation, spectral properties and biological activities of 5-bromo-6-methyl-2'-deoxyuridine and 5-iodo-6-methyl-2'-deoxyuridine

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19802364 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 45 (8) ◽

pp. 2364-2370 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Antonín Holý ◽

Erik De Clercq

Keyword(s):

Antiviral Activity ◽

Spectral Properties ◽

De Novo ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Rabbit Kidney ◽

Kidney Cells ◽

Cd Spectra ◽

Methyl Derivatives ◽

Primary Rabbit

Reaction of 3',5'-di-O-benzoyl-6-methyl-2'-deoxyuridine (IIa) with elementary bromine or iodine afforded 5-halogeno derivatives IIc and IId which on methanolysis gave 5-bromo-6-methyl-2'-deoxyurine (Ic) and 5-iodo-6-methyl-2'-deoxyurine (Id), respectively. The CD spectra of Ic, Id and 6-methyl-2'-deoxyuridine (Ia) are compared and discussed with regard to determination of the nucleoside conformation. Unlike 5-bromo- and 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine, the 6-methyl derivatives Ic and Id exhibit neither antibacterial nor antiviral activity. Nor do they exert any antimetabolic effect on the de novo DNA synthesis in primary rabbit kidney cells.

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Author Correction: Assessment of nanoindentation in stiffness measurement of soft biomaterials: kidney, liver, spleen and uterus

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-86044-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Guanlin Wu ◽

Michael Gotthardt ◽

Maik Gollasch

Keyword(s):

Stiffness Measurement ◽

Kidney Liver ◽

Soft Biomaterials

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

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Nociceptin Increases Antioxidant Expression in the Kidney, Liver and Brain of Diabetic Rats

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10070621 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 621

Author(s):

Ernest Adeghate ◽

Crystal M. D’Souza ◽

Zulqarnain Saeed ◽

Saeeda Al Jaberi ◽

Saeed Tariq ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Kidney Tubules ◽

Onset Of Diabetes ◽

Endogenous Antioxidants ◽

Kidney Liver ◽

Convoluted Tubules ◽

The Brain

Nociceptin (NC) consists of 17 amino acids (aa) and takes part in the processing of learning and memory. The role of NC in the induction of endogenous antioxidants in still unclear. We examined the effect of NC on the expression of endogenous antioxidants in kidney, liver, cerebral cortex (CC), and hippocampus after the onset of diabetes mellitus, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry. Exogenous NC (aa chain 1–17; 10 µg/kg body weight) was given intraperitoneally to normal and diabetic rats for 5 days. Our results showed that catalase (CAT) is present in the proximal (PCT) and distal (DCT) convoluted tubules of kidney, hepatocytes, and neurons of CC and hippocampus. The expression of CAT was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the kidney of normal and diabetic rats after treatment with NC. However, NC markedly (p < 0.001) increased the expression CAT in the liver and neurons of CC of diabetic rats. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is widely distributed in the PCT and DCT of kidney, hepatocytes, and neurons of CC and hippocampus. NC significantly (p < 0.001) increased the expression of SOD in hepatocytes and neurons of CC and the hippocampus but not in the kidney. Glutathione reductase (GRED) was observed in kidney tubules, hepatocytes and neurons of the brain. NC markedly increased (p < 0.001) the expression of GRED in PCT and DCT cells of the kidney and hepatocytes of liver and neurons of CC. In conclusion, NC is a strong inducer of CAT, SOD, and GRED expression in the kidney, liver and brain of diabetic rats.

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