scholarly journals Nociceptin Increases Antioxidant Expression in the Kidney, Liver and Brain of Diabetic Rats

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 621
Author(s):  
Ernest Adeghate ◽  
Crystal M. D’Souza ◽  
Zulqarnain Saeed ◽  
Saeeda Al Jaberi ◽  
Saeed Tariq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Kidney Tubules ◽  
Onset Of Diabetes ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidants ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
Convoluted Tubules ◽  
The Brain

Nociceptin (NC) consists of 17 amino acids (aa) and takes part in the processing of learning and memory. The role of NC in the induction of endogenous antioxidants in still unclear. We examined the effect of NC on the expression of endogenous antioxidants in kidney, liver, cerebral cortex (CC), and hippocampus after the onset of diabetes mellitus, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry. Exogenous NC (aa chain 1–17; 10 µg/kg body weight) was given intraperitoneally to normal and diabetic rats for 5 days. Our results showed that catalase (CAT) is present in the proximal (PCT) and distal (DCT) convoluted tubules of kidney, hepatocytes, and neurons of CC and hippocampus. The expression of CAT was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the kidney of normal and diabetic rats after treatment with NC. However, NC markedly (p < 0.001) increased the expression CAT in the liver and neurons of CC of diabetic rats. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is widely distributed in the PCT and DCT of kidney, hepatocytes, and neurons of CC and hippocampus. NC significantly (p < 0.001) increased the expression of SOD in hepatocytes and neurons of CC and the hippocampus but not in the kidney. Glutathione reductase (GRED) was observed in kidney tubules, hepatocytes and neurons of the brain. NC markedly increased (p < 0.001) the expression of GRED in PCT and DCT cells of the kidney and hepatocytes of liver and neurons of CC. In conclusion, NC is a strong inducer of CAT, SOD, and GRED expression in the kidney, liver and brain of diabetic rats.

scholarly journals The role of nicotinamide in the correction of renal function in diabetic nephropathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-221
Author(s):  
L. V. Yanitskaya ◽  
L. F. Osinskaya ◽  
A. V. Redko
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Cortical Layer ◽  
The Difference

Hyperglycemia of diabetes mellitus leads to the activation of the polyol way of oxidation of glucose with the activation of the enzymes of aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase and of their coenzymes NADPH and NAD, which triggers the mechanism of formation of sorbitol. The consequences of these changes lead to microangiopathy of the tissues of the kidneys, which may be one of the pathogenetic mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy. In an accessible literature, the role of coenzymes of sorbitol pathway in the development of diabetic nephropathy is not sufficiently defined. The purpose of the study was to study the content of NAD and NADPH coenzymes, their correlation, and their role in the mechanism of kidney damage in diabetes mellitus and to predict the possible correction of these changes with the NAD-nicotinamide derivative. The study was conducted on a model of streptotrozectinic diabetes mellitus (single administration of streptozotocin in a dose of 60 mg per 1 kg of body weight). Four weeks after induction of diabetes, nicotinamide (100 mg per 1 kg body weight) was injected. The level of glucose was determined by the Accu-chek (Roshe Diagnostics, Switzerland) glucose meter. The content of NAD and NADH was determined in the non-protein extracts. The statistical analysis was carried out using the Microsoft Excel statistical analysis program. The difference between the indicators was considered statistically significant (p<0.05). The NAD level was reduced by 31%, the NAD/NADN ratio was 32%. The dependence of the ratio of NADP/NADPN in conditions of hyperglycemia of diabetes mellitus with clinical manifestations of diabetic nephropathy is determined. A decrease in the ratio of NADP/NADPN to 38% in the rat kidney in the cortical layer was detected. The introduction of nicotinamide normalized the reduced content of NAD diabetic rats. These results provide perspectives for further research in which nicotinamide can be used as a renal protector.

scholarly journals The Effect of Induced Diabetes Mellitus on the Cerebellar Cortex of Adult Male Rat and the Possible Protective Role of Oxymatrine: A Histological, Immunohistochemical and Biochemical Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amany Mohamed Shalaby ◽  
Adel Mohamed Aboregela ◽  
Mohamed Ali Alabiad ◽  
Mona Tayssir Sadek
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Cortex ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents a widespread metabolic disease with a well-known neurotoxicity in both central and peripheral nervous systems. Oxymatrine is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has various pharmacological activities including; anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory potentials. The present work aimed to study the impact of diabetes mellitus on the cerebellar cortex of adult male albino rat and to evaluate the potential protective role of oxymatrine using different histological methods. Fifty-five adult male rats were randomly divided into three groups: group I served as control, group II was given oxymatrine (80 mg/kg/day) orally for 8 weeks and group III was given a single dose of streptozotocin (50mg/kg) intaperitoneally to induce diabetes. Then diabetic rats were subdivided into two subgroups: subgroup IIIa that received no additional treatment and subgroup IIIb that received oxymatrine similar to group II. The diabetic group revealed numerous changes in the Purkinje cell layer in the form of multilayer arrangement of Purkinje cells, shrunken cells with deeply stained nuclei as well as focal loss of the Purkinje cells. A significant increment in GFAP and synaptophysin expression was reported. Transmission electron microscopy showed irregularity and splitting of myelin sheaths in the molecular layer, dark shrunken Purkinje cells with ill-defined nuclei, dilated Golgi saccules and dense granule cells with irregular nuclear outlines in the granular layer. In contrast, these changes were less evident in diabetic rats that received oxymatrine. In conclusion, Oxymatrine could protect the cerebellar cortex against changes induced by DM.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF SURVIVIN AND RAF-1 KINASE AGAINST ENHANCEMENT OF PANCREATIC BETA-CELL APOPTOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
Eva Decroli ◽  
Asman Manaf ◽  
Syafril Syahbuddin ◽  
Sarwono Waspadji ◽  
Dwisari Dillasamola
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Beta Cell Apoptosis

Objective: This study aimed to reveal differences in levels of survivin and Raf-1 kinase in prediabetes, controlled Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), uncontrolled T2DM, and their relationship with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and serum triglyceride levels.Methods: This study was an observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study involved 60 people with T2DM who visited the endocrine and metabolic clinic and 30 prediabetes patients. The variables were survivin levels and Raf-1 kinase enzymes that examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. HbA1c values are measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and triglyceride levels measured by enzymatic method.Results: Average levels of Raf-1 kinase were significantly higher in the prediabetes group, controlled T2DM, and uncontrolled T2DM (11.6±1.4 pg mL, 9.9±1.1 pg/mL, and 9.1±1.5 pg/mL). Survivin was significantly higher in the prediabetes group, controlled T2DM, and uncontrolled T2DM (5.4±0.4 pg mL, 5.0±0.2 pg/mL, and 4.7±0.1 pg/mL). There was no correlation between HbA1c with Raf-1 kinase levels (R=−0.215, p=0.250), but there was a correlation between HbA1c with serum survivin levels (R=−0.6, *p<0.05). There was a correlation between the levels of triglycerides with survivin but not with Raf-1 kinase (R=−0.267, *p=0.039).Conclusion: Survivin and Raf-1 kinase levels are lower in uncontrolled T2DM. This explained the role of survivin and Raf-1 kinase against enhancement of pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis in patients with T2DM.

scholarly journals GPR110 (ADGRF1) mediates anti-inflammatory effects of N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taeyeop Park ◽  
Huazhen Chen ◽  
Hee-Yong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Cytokine Expression ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Inflammatory Condition ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Neuroinflammation is a widely accepted underlying condition for various pathological processes in the brain. In a recent study, synaptamide, an endogenous metabolite derived from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), was identified as a specific ligand to orphan adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor 110 (GPR110, ADGRF1). Synaptamide has been shown to suppress lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation in mice, but involvement of GPR110 in this process has not been established. In this study, we investigated the possible immune regulatory role of GPR110 in mediating the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of synaptamide under a systemic inflammatory condition. Methods For in vitro studies, we assessed the role of GPR110 in synaptamide effects on LPS-induced inflammatory responses in adult primary mouse microglia, immortalized murine microglial cells (BV2), primary neutrophil, and peritoneal macrophage by using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as well as neutrophil migration and ROS production assays. To evaluate in vivo effects, wild-type (WT) and GPR110 knock-out (KO) mice were injected with LPS intraperitoneally (i.p.) or TNF intravenously (i.v.) followed by synaptamide (i.p.), and expression of proinflammatory mediators was measured by qPCR, ELISA, and western blot analysis. Activated microglia in the brain and NF-kB activation in cells were examined microscopically after immunostaining for Iba-1 and RelA, respectively. Results Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of LPS increased TNF and IL-1β in the blood and induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the brain. Subsequent i.p. injection of the GPR110 ligand synaptamide significantly reduced LPS-induced inflammatory responses in wild-type (WT) but not in GPR110 knock-out (KO) mice. In cultured microglia, synaptamide increased cAMP and inhibited LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine expression by inhibiting the translocation of NF-κB subunit RelA into the nucleus. These effects were abolished by blocking synaptamide binding to GPR110 using an N-terminal targeting antibody. GPR110 expression was found to be high in neutrophils and macrophages where synaptamide also caused a GPR110-dependent increase in cAMP and inhibition of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediator expression. Intravenous injection of TNF, a pro-inflammatory cytokine that increases in the circulation after LPS treatment, elicited inflammatory responses in the brain which were dampened by the subsequent injection (i.p.) of synaptamide in a GPR110-dependent manner. Conclusion Our study demonstrates the immune-regulatory function of GPR110 in both brain and periphery, collectively contributing to the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of synaptamide under a systemic inflammatory condition. We suggest GPR110 activation as a novel therapeutic strategy to ameliorate inflammation in the brain as well as periphery.

scholarly journals Role of the glymphatic system in ageing and diabetes mellitus impaired cognitive function

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Michael Chopp ◽  
Quan Jiang ◽  
Zhenggang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Glymphatic System ◽  
Impaired Cognitive Function ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Brain

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disease in the middle-aged and older population, and is associated with cognitive impairment and an increased risk of developing dementia. The glymphatic system is a recently characterised brain-wide cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid drainage pathway that enables the clearance of interstitial metabolic waste from the brain parenchyma. Emerging data suggest that DM and ageing impair the glymphatic system, leading to accumulation of metabolic wastes including amyloid-β within the brain parenchyma, and consequently provoking cognitive dysfunction. In this review, we concisely discuss recent findings regarding the role of the glymphatic system in DM and ageing associated cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Nesfatin-1 and Vaspin as Potential Novel Biomarkers for the Prediction and Early Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radzisław Mierzyński ◽  
Elżbieta Poniedziałek-Czajkowska ◽  
Dominik Dłuski ◽  
Jolanta Patro-Małysza ◽  
Żaneta Kimber-Trojnar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medical Complication ◽  
Uncomplicated Pregnancy ◽  
Novel Biomarkers

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is considered to be one of the most frequent medical complication observed among pregnant women. The role of adipokines in the pathogenesis of GDM remains strictly unknown. Different adipokines have been studied throughout gestation, and they have been proposed as biomarkers of GDM and other pregnancy-related complications; however, there is no biomarker reported for GDM screening at present. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum nesfatin-1 and vaspin levels in GDM and non-GDM women, to characterize the correlation between these adipokines, and to assess the potential role of circulating adipokines in the prediction of risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Serum concentrations of nesfatin-1 and vaspin were measured in 153 women with GDM, and in 84 patients with uncomplicated pregnancy by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Circulating levels of nesfatin-1 and vaspin were significantly lower in the GDM group than in the control group. Nesfatin-1 levels were negatively correlated with vaspin levels. The results of this study point out the possible role of nesfatin-1 and vaspin as potential novel biomarkers for the prediction and early diagnosis of GDM. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the influence of nesfatin-1 and vaspin on glucose metabolism in the early stages of GDM.

Lack of central nitric oxide triggers erectile dysfunction in diabetes

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (3) ◽  
pp. R1158-R1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zheng ◽  
Keshore R. Bidasee ◽  
William G. Mayhan ◽  
Kaushik P. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
System Component ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Prior Administration ◽  
Smooth Muscle Dysfunction

Erectile dysfunction is a serious and common complication of diabetes mellitus. The proposed mechanisms for erectile dysfunction in diabetes include central and autonomic neuropathy, endothelial dysfunction, and smooth muscle dysfunction. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus is known to be involved in centrally mediated penile erection. This study was designed to examine the role of nitric oxide (NO) within the central nervous system component of the behavioral responses including erection in diabetic rats. N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA)-induced erection, yawning, and stretch through the PVN can be blocked by prior administration of NO synthase (NOS) blocker, l-NMMA, in freely moving, conscious male normal rats. Four weeks after streptozotocin (STZ) and vehicle injections, NMDA-induced erection, yawning, and stretch responses through the PVN are significantly blunted in diabetic rats compared with control rats. Examination of neuronal NOS (nNOS) protein by Western blot analysis indicated a reduced amount of nNOS protein in the PVN of rats with diabetes compared with control rats. Furthermore, restoring nNOS within the PVN by gene transfer using adenoviral transfection significantly restored the erectile and yawning responses to NMDA in diabetic rats. These data demonstrate that a blunted NO mechanism within the PVN may contribute to NMDA-induced erectile dysfunction observed in diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals The Role of Soluble L-Selectin with Polymorphism in Iraqi Arabs Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmaa M. Salih Almohaidi ◽  
Kebaa Ahmed Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group

Diabetes mellitus type 2 [DMT2] is a disturbance of metabolism and complex diseases influenced by environmental, genetic agents, and linked with inflammation, happens when the pancreas either does not use the insulin as it should or the body does not make enough insulin, lead to insulin resistance [IR] alongside with gradual loss of ß-cell secretory ability. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of soluble L-selectin (sL-selectin) in diabetes mellitus type 2 patients in Iraqi Arabs patient. Study includes seventy six Iraqi Arabs patients (male and female) having newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with Fifty three Iraqi Arabs healthy subjects matched in age, sex and ethnic group. Patients and healthy subjects were genotyped, by PCR-RFLP analysis, and mesure serum level of L-selectin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (sandwich ELISA) test include 65 patients and 23 controls. The statistical analysis of serum level of sL-selectin in study groups showed that the mean of sL-selectin level high significantly increased in patients group (10.708±1.1007) compared to control group (7.055±0.767) respectively. Thus, our results suggest soluble L-selectin play a role in the development of DMT2 in Iraqi Arabs patients. Present results showed that genotype PS associated with increase the susceptibility of DMT2.

scholarly journals Curcumin and Its Analog Alleviate Diabetes-induced Damages by Regulating Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Brain of Diabetic Rats​

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengfeng Miao ◽  
Hanbin Chen ◽  
Yulian Li ◽  
Ying Guo ◽  
Feifei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Diabetic Encephalopathy ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
The Brain ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Myelin Staining

Abstract Background: Diabetic encephalopathy is a severe diabetes complication with cognitive dysfunction and neuropsychiatric disability. The mechanisms underlying diabetic encephalopathy is believed to be relevant with oxidative stress, vascular amylin deposition, immune receptors, inflammation, etc. This study wanted to evaluate the ability of curcumin and its analog A13 to alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetes-induced damages in brain.Methods: Sixty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups: normal control (NC) group, diabetes mellitus (DM) group, curcumin-treated diabetes mellitus (CUR) group, high dose of A13-treated diabetes mellitus (HA) group, low dose of A13-treated diabetes mellitus (LA) group. Activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB p65) pathway was detected by RT-qPCR, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and Western blot; oxidative stress was detected by biochemical detection kit; brain tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining and Myelin staining. Results: RT-qPCR, IHC staining and Western blot showed that curcumin and A13 treatment could inhibit the NF-κB p65 pathway. Curcumin and A13 increased the activity of superoxide dismutase and decreased the malondialdehyde level in the brain of diabetic rats. Furthermore, HE staining and Myelin staining demonstrated that the histological lesions of the brain in diabetic rats could be significantly ameliorated by curcumin and A13.Conclusion: Curcumin analog A13 could alleviate the damages in the brain of diabetes rats by regulating the pathways of inflammation and oxidative stress. A13 may be a new potential therapeutic agent for diabetic encephalopathy.

scholarly journals GCF Adrenomedullin Levels in Healthy and Periodontitis Patients with or without Type 2—Diabetes Mellitus: Clinicobiochemical Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
SM Apoorva ◽  
Divya Bhat ◽  
Akanksha Garg ◽  
A Suchetha ◽  
N Sapna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

ABSTRACT Background The literature suggests that periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus share a two-way relationship. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the levels of adrenomedullin (ADM) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of periodontally healthy and periodontitis patients with or without type 2 diabetes with different glycemic controls. Methods Ninety patients were included in the study and were divided into five groups based on CPI scores and ADA classification of diabetes. Probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured in all the subjects. GCF was collected from all the participants using micropipettes. ADM levels were measured in GCF samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The results showed higher levels of ADM in patients with periodontitis as compared to healthy group. Significant correlation was present between PPD and CAL and ADM levels in all periodontitis patients with or without type 2 diabetes. Conclusion Increase in GCF levels of ADM from periodontal health to disease and in periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes with the worsening of glycemic control underlines the possible role of ADM in mounting a protective response to worsening disease state. How to cite this article Garg A, Suchetha A, Sapna N, Apoorva SM, Bhat D, Puzhankara L. GCF Adrenomedullin Levels in Healthy and Periodontitis Patients with or without Type 2—Diabetes Mellitus: Clinicobiochemical Study. World J Dent 2014;5(1):42-46.

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