A note on wide-band group delay

1971 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Blinchikoff
Keyword(s):  
Group Delay ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Band Group

Influence of in-band group delay ripple of chirp FBG on 40-Gb/s transmission using RZ and CSRZ formats

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taorong Gong ◽  
Fengping Yan ◽  
Bo Lv ◽  
Jihong Cao ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Delay ◽  
Band Group

Synthesis and Characterization of Biodiesel from Coconut Oil Using Homogeneous Catalyst

2010 ◽  
Vol 636-637 ◽  
pp. 1410-1414
Author(s):  
Pio Sifuentes-Gallardo ◽  
Angelica S. Lopez-Rodriguez ◽  
Laura L. Diaz-Flores ◽  
Miguel A. Hernandez-Rivera ◽  
Jose M. Vazquez-Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Homogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Band Group

The present project explains how crude biodiesel (crude BD) has been obtained by using coconut oil and ethyl alcohol as well as sodium hydroxide as a catalyst. The coconut oil was extracted with water which was submitted to evaporation afterwards. This experiment was carried out by adding the coconut oil in a 500 mL glass flask. The catalyst was dissolved in ethyl alcohol and mixed together with the coconut oil. Once obtained the mixture, this was stirred for 25 minutes at temperatures from 20, 30, 40, 50 to 60 °C. During the reaction, two phases were formed: crude biodiesel (top layer) and crude glycerol (bottom layer). The characterization was done by determination of pH (using an electrode located in the top layer connected to a computer by RS-232 interface system). When the separation concluded, the crude BD was rinsed in order to remove the catalyst. The characterization of washed biodiesel was determined by density and Saybolt viscosity. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis was also made. The results by FTIR indicated the two functional groups of fatty acid ethyl esters (C=O, 1733 cm-1 and C-O, 1154 cm-1) and the OH wide band group of glycerol at 3400 cm-1. When the reaction time ended, the maximum pH value registered was 12.7. The values for pH, density and Saybolt viscosity were acceptable for crude BD and crude glycerol.

A second order s-to-z transform and its implementation to IIR filter design

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1831-1843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Mirković ◽  
Predrag Petković ◽  
Vančo Litovski
Keyword(s):  
Digital Filters ◽  
Group Delay ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Filter Design ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Pass Band ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Iir Filter ◽  
Band Group ◽  
Iir Digital Filters

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to design a tool for IIR digital filters obtained from analog prototypes, which preserves simultaneously the amplitude and the group delay response. Design/methodology/approach – A new s-to-z transform is developed based on a second order formula used for numerical integration of differential equations. Stability of the newly obtained transfer functions in the z-domain is proved to be preserved. Distortions introduced by the new transform into the original amplitude and group delay responses are studied. Findings – The new formula, when implemented to all-pole prototypes, exhibits lower selectivity than the original while reducing the pass-band group delay distortions. In the same time its structure is importantly simpler than the functions obtained by the well-known bilinear transform. When implemented to a prototype having “all kinds” of transmission zeros the resulting filter has almost ideally the same characteristic as the prototype. Research limitations/implications – The new transform may be used exclusively to synthesize even order filters. The new function is twice the order of the analog prototype. This kind of transformations are used to design IIR digital filters only. Low-pass transfer functions were studied being prototypes for all other cases. Originality/value – This is a new result never mentioned in the literature. Its effectiveness is confined to a niche problem when simultaneous sharp selectivity and low group delay distortions are sought.

scholarly journals A rectangular slot Yagi DGS microstrip filter with sharp rolloff and wide suppression band

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-221
Author(s):  
Jing Gong
Keyword(s):  
Group Delay ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Lowpass Filter ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Defected Ground Structure ◽  
Ground Structure ◽  
Sharp Transition ◽  
Rectangular Slot ◽  
Band Group ◽  
Better Than

AbstractA compact microwave lowpass filter based on defected ground structure (DGS), consisting of Yagi slot DGS resonators etched on the metallic ground plane of a microstrip line, is studied in this paper. The proposed lowpass filter was analyzed by parameter sweeping and optimal parameters were selected to design a prototype demonstrator filter. Measurements show the developed lowpass filter exhibits a 3dB cuto frequency of 3.07 GHz with a sharp transition between the passband and the stopband, low insertion loss of less than 0.6 dB in the passband and an in-band group delay of 0.4 ns. Moreover, an ultra-wide suppression band from 3.68 to over 20 GHz with a suppression level generally better than 20 dB is also observed from measurements.

scholarly journals Ultra-Wide Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for C and X -Band Applications with Effect of Copper Thickness

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Keyword(s):  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Group Delay ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Microstrip Patch Antenna ◽  
Radiation Efficiency ◽  
Wet Etching ◽  
Microstrip Patch ◽  
X Band ◽  
Effect Of Copper

An ultrawide band partial ground miniaturized rectangular shape microstrip patch antenna is investigated in this paper. The size of the proposed antenna is 17×10×1.6 mm3 and is excited by microstrip line feed which operates for C band and Xband. In this article we have compared the variation in the output by changing the thickness of copper of the proposed antenna from 35μm and 70μm. The design is simulated by Ansoft’s HFSS13v which is based on finite element method then is fabricated using wet etching method and finally measured by copper mountain reflectometer R140 version. The performance of the rectangular shaped antenna is analyzed on various parameters like reflection coefficient, VSWR, group delay, gain, radiation pattern and radiation efficiency. The measured and simulated results reveal that proposed antenna resonates from 6.3-12GHz giving ultrawide band with bandwidth impedance of 62.9% with the gain of 3.94dBi and maximum radiation efficiency of 95% targeted for satellite communication, radars and radio navigation applications.

Diversity performance analysis of four port triangular slot MIMO antenna for WiBro and ultrawide band (UWB) applications

Frequenz ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen Vummadisetty Naidu ◽  
Sai haranadh Akkapanthula ◽  
Maheshbabu Dhanekula ◽  
Neelima Vummadisetty ◽  
Arvind Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Coupling ◽  
Group Delay ◽  
Mimo System ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Antenna System ◽  
Ultra Wide Band ◽  
Mimo Antenna ◽  
Capacity Loss ◽  
Uwb Applications

Abstract This article discusses a 4-port micro-strip fed MIMO Antenna system with a triangular slot and an inverted L shape strip has been designed and analysed for both 2.3 GHz WiBro and Ultra-wide-band applications. The suggested antenna has been etched on a cost-effective epoxy (FR-4) substrate having ϵ r ${{\epsilon}}_{r}$  = 4.4 with an overall dimension of 45 × 45 × 1.6 mm3. Mutual coupling of −18 dB between the radiators has been obtained by orthogonal placement of radiators. From the simulated and practical results, the proposed compact MIMO system operates in frequency bands 2.26–2.42 GHz and 3.7–10.8 GHz respectively. The proposed small triangular MIMO system operates with an ECC less than 0.005 with an acceptable channel capacity loss <0.5 bits/s/Hz. Further, the diversity characteristics like DG, MEG, TARC, and group delay have been calculated and are presented in this paper.

scholarly journals Compact edge and end coupled wide band filter with notch at 5GHz

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 01020
Author(s):  
Raasi Chenna ◽  
Vijayadithya Doddi ◽  
Sumanth Gurram ◽  
Vinay Sharma ◽  
Upadhayay Madhur Deo
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Coefficient ◽  
Group Delay ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Ultra Wide Band ◽  
Pass Band ◽  
Band Filter ◽  
Coupled Lines ◽  
Microwave Signals ◽  
Uniform Group

In this paper a compact Ultra Wide Band filter with notch at WLAN frequency is designed. The filter is a designed using coupled lines arranged in inter digital capacitor form. The filter is designed to allow microwave signals in the range of 2GHz to 7GHz with a notch at 5GHz. The measured results show the notch at 5GHz with transmission coefficient of -14dB. With uniform group delay in pass band and nonlinear group delay at notch frequency.

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