Recently, a worldwide movement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions has emerged, and includes efforts such as the Paris Agreement in 2015. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, it is important to reduce unnecessary energy consumption or use environmentally-friendly energy sources and consumer products. Many studies have been performed on building energy management systems and energy storage systems (ESSs), which are aimed at efficient energy management. Herein, a heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system peak load reduction algorithm and an ESS peak load reduction algorithm are proposed. First, an HVAC system accounts for the largest portion of building energy consumption. An HVAC system operates by considering the time-of-use price. However, because the indoor temperature is constantly changing with time, load shifting can be expected only immediately prior to use. Therefore, the primary objective is to reduce the operating time by changing the indoor temperature constraint at the forecasted peak time. Next, numerous research initiatives on ESSs are ongoing. In this study, we aim to systematically design the peak load reduction algorithm of ESS. The structure is designed such that the algorithm can be applied by distinguishing between the peak and non-peak days. Finally, the optimization scheduling simulation is performed. The result shows that the electricity price is minimized by peak load reduction and electricity usage reduction. The proposed algorithm is verified through MATLAB simulations.
Development of an Optimal Start Control Strategy for a Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) System
