PurposeThe aim of this paper is to present the non‐model‐based multiple impedance control (NMIC) law for object manipulation tasks, which can be implemented with reasonable limited on‐line computations.Design/methodology/approachThe multiple impedance control (MIC) is a model‐based algorithm that enforces a designated impedance on all cooperating manipulators, and the manipulated object itself. In this paper, the MIC law is modified to be implemented without using system dynamics. Therefore, this modified MIC law is a quick and more realistic algorithm for implementation in cooperating robotic systems, and so is called NMIC. Developing the NMIC law, error analysis shows that under the NMIC law all participating manipulators, and the manipulated object exhibit the same designated impedance behavior. Next, the proposed NMIC law is applied on an object manipulation task with three cooperating PUMA 560 manipulators while two of them are equipped with a remote compliant centre.FindingsDeveloping the NMIC law, error analysis shows that under the NMIC law all participating manipulators, and the manipulated object exhibit the same designated impedance behavior. The obtained results show good tracking performance even in the presence of impacts due to contact with an obstacle, and also system flexibility.Practical implicationsThe obtained results show good tracking performance even in the presence of impacts due to contact with an obstacle, and also system flexibility. These results reveal the merits of NMIC law as a non‐model‐based algorithm for object manipulation tasks, which can be implemented with reasonable limited on‐line computations.Originality/valueThe proposed NMIC law is applied on an object manipulation task with three cooperating PUMA 560 manipulators while two of them are equipped with a remote compliant centre.
Model-based Actor-critic Learning of Robotic Impedance Control in Complex Interactive Environment