Root traits and soil microorganisms as drivers of plant‐soil feedbacks within the sub‐arctic tundra meadow

ABSTRACT Pesticides interact with microorganisms in various ways with the outcome being negative or positive for the soil microbiota. Pesticides' effects on soil microorganisms have been studied extensively in soil but not in other pesticides-exposed microbial habitats like the phyllosphere. We tested the hypothesis that soil and phyllosphere support distinct microbial communities, but exhibit a similar response (accelerated biodegradation or toxicity) to repeated exposure to the fungicide iprodione. Pepper plants received four repeated foliage or soil applications of iprodione, which accelerated its degradation in soil (DT50_1st = 1.23 and DT50_4th = 0.48 days) and on plant leaves (DT50_1st > 365 and DT50_4th = 5.95 days). The composition of the epiphytic and soil bacterial and fungal communities, determined by amplicon sequencing, was significantly altered by iprodione. The archaeal epiphytic and soil communities responded differently; the former showed no response to iprodione. Three iprodione-degrading Paenarthrobacter strains were isolated from soil and phyllosphere. They hydrolyzed iprodione to 3,5-dichloraniline via the formation of 3,5-dichlorophenyl-carboxiamide and 3,5-dichlorophenylurea-acetate, a pathway shared by other soil-derived arthrobacters implying a phylogenetic specialization in iprodione biotransformation. Our results suggest that iprodione-repeated application could affect soil and epiphytic microbial communities with implications for the homeostasis of the plant–soil system and agricultural production.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Root traits and belowground herbivores relate to plant-soil feedback variation among congeners.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.735467149.793558580 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Paul Kardol

Keyword(s):

Root Traits ◽

Plant Soil ◽

Soil Feedback

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In Nitrate-Rich Soil, Fallopia x bohemica Modifies Functioning of N Cycle Compared to Native Monocultures

Diversity ◽

10.3390/d12040156 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 156

Author(s):

Amélie A. M. Cantarel ◽

Soraya Rouifed ◽

Laurent Simon ◽

Julien Bourg ◽

Jonathan Gervaix ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Invasive Species ◽

Native Species ◽

Soil Microorganisms ◽

Nitrate Assimilation ◽

Species Traits ◽

Urtica Dioica ◽

Plant Soil ◽

Sambucus Ebulus ◽

Ecosystem Level ◽

Number Of Leaves

The effects of invasive species at the ecosystem level remain an important component required to assess their impacts. Here, we conducted an experimental study with labeled nitrogen in two types of soil (low and high nitrate conditions), investigating the effects of (1) the presence of Fallopia x bohemica on the traits of three native species (Humulus lupulus, Sambucus ebulus, and Urtica dioica) and (2) interspecific competition (monoculture of the invasive species, monoculture of the native species, and a mixture of invasive/native species) on nitrification, denitrification, and related microbial communities (i.e., functional gene abundances). We found that the species with the higher nitrate assimilation rate (U. dioica) was affected differently by the invasive species, with no effect or even an increase in aboveground biomass and number of leaves. F. x bohemica also decreased denitrification, but only in the soil with high nitrate concentrations. The impacts of the invasive species on nitrification and soil microorganisms depended on the native species and the soil type, suggesting that competition for nitrogen between plants and between plants and microorganisms is highly dependent on species traits and environmental conditions. This research highlights that studies looking at the impacts of invasive species on ecosystems should consider the plant–soil–microorganism complex as a whole.

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Effects of shade stress on turfgrasses morphophysiology and rhizosphere soil bacterial communities

10.21203/rs.2.16025/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Juanjuan Fu ◽

Yilan Luo ◽

Pengyue Sun ◽

Jinzhu Gao ◽

Donghao Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Community ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Bacterial Communities ◽

Shade Tolerance ◽

Soil Microorganisms ◽

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Photosynthetic Capacity ◽

Soil Bacterial Communities ◽

Plant Soil ◽

Soil Bacterial

Abstract Background: The shade represents one of the major environmental limitations for turfgrass growth. Shade influences plant growth and alters plant metabolism, yet little is known about how shade affects the structure of rhizosphere soil microbial communities and the role of soil microorganisms in plant shade responses. In this study, a glasshouse experiment was conducted to examine the impact of shade on the growth and photosynthetic capacity of two contrasting shade-tolerant turfgrasses, shade-tolerant dwarf lilyturf (Ophiopogon japonicus, OJ) and shade-intolerant perennial turf-type ryegrass (Lolium perenne, LP). We also examined soil-plant feedback effects on shade tolerance in the two turfgrass genotypes. The composition of the soil bacterial community was assayed using high-throughput sequencing. Results: OJ maintained higher photosynthetic capacity and root growth than LP under shade stress, thus OJ was found to be more shade-tolerant than LP. Shade-intolerant LP responded better to both shade and soil microbes than shade-tolerant OJ. The shade and live soil decreased LP growth, but increased biomass allocation to shoots in the live soil. The plant shade response index of LP is higher in live soil than sterile soil, driven by weakened soil-plant feedback under shade stress. In contrast, there was no difference in these values for OJ under similar shade and soil treatments. Shade stress had little impact on the diversity of the OJ and the LP bacterial communities, but instead impacted their composition. The OJ soil bacterial communities were mostly composed of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria. Further pairwise fitting analysis showed that a positive correlation of shade-tolerance in two turfgrasses and their bacterial community compositions. Several soil properties (NO3--N, NH4+-N, AK) showed a tight coupling with several major bacterial communities under shade stress. Moreover, OJ shared core bacterial taxa known to promote plant growth and confer tolerance to shade stress, which suggests common principles underpinning OJ-microbe interactions. Conclusion: Soil microorganisms mediate plant responses to shade stress via plant-soil feedback and shade-induced change in the rhizosphere soil bacterial community structure for OJ and LP plants. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding plant-soil interactions and their role in the mechanisms underlying shade tolerance in shade-tolerant turfgrasses.

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Pastures and drought: a review of processes and implications for nitrogen and phosphorus cycling in grassland systems

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr18079 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 101 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gina M. Lucci

Keyword(s):

Soil Microorganisms ◽

Future Climate Change ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Soil System ◽

Plant Soil ◽

Community Population ◽

Stocks And Flows ◽

Effects Of Drought ◽

The Impact ◽

Cycling Of Nutrients

The incidence and extent of drought is predicted to increase and therefore understanding the effects on the plant–soil system is important. The objective of this review is to report on the fundamental processes involved in the effects of drought on pasture, soil, and soil microorganisms in grassland systems and evaluate the consequences of drought to determine whether management decisions could mitigate the impact of drought. There are associations within the plant–soil system affecting the flows and cycling of nutrients. Drought conditions often create a flush of nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus upon rewetting that is at risk of loss to the environment. Prediction of the flush magnitude is difficult because it is influenced by drought characteristics such as duration, soil temperature, degree of drying, and rate at which the rewetting occurs post-drought. Response to drought is also affected by the microbial community population and structure of the soil-related flora and fauna. Increasing pasture diversity and soil organic matter may help to mitigate the effects of drought in grassland systems. More research is needed that incorporates all the components of the plant–soil system to examine the net effects of drought on grassland systems. Better measures are also needed to estimate the consequences for future climate change on nutrient stocks and flows.

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PLANT–SOIL–MICROORGANISM INTERACTIONS: HERITABLE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLANT GENOTYPE AND ASSOCIATED SOIL MICROORGANISMS

Ecology ◽

10.1890/07-0337.1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 89 (3) ◽

pp. 773-781 ◽

Cited By ~ 215

Author(s):

Jennifer A. Schweitzer ◽

Joseph K. Bailey ◽

Dylan G. Fischer ◽

Carri J. LeRoy ◽

Eric V. Lonsdorf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Microorganisms ◽

Soil Microorganism ◽

Plant Genotype ◽

Plant Soil

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Root traits and belowground herbivores relate to plant–soil feedback variation among congeners

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-019-09615-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Rutger A. Wilschut ◽

Wim H. van der Putten ◽

Paolina Garbeva ◽

Paula Harkes ◽

Wouter Konings ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Traits ◽

Plant Soil ◽

Soil Feedback

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Soil microorganism impact on the native plant growth under single and co-invasion with invasive plants: Responses through plant-soil feedback

Biomedical Letters ◽

10.47262//bl/6.2.20200432 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 104-111

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Invasive Plants ◽

Plant Invasion ◽

Soil Microorganisms ◽

Invasive Plant ◽

Plant Competition ◽

Soil Microorganism ◽

Native Plant ◽

Plant Soil ◽

Soil Feedback

Plant invasion is a key element defining the community structure and dynamics and has become a major concern for the invasive plants to control the restoration of ecosystem diversity. In the same line of thought, soil microorganisms are also considered as a significant parameter of evolution and invasive plants' success. The variations usually overserved in the composition and structure of the soil microorganisms and the consequences of plant invasion. Therefore, understanding the concept of plant invasion and soil microorganism impact plant competition and plant-soil feedback would be a very important step forward in invasive plant control and ecosystem restoration. This review aims to provide a conceptual explanation of plant invasion, the role of soil microorganisms on plant growth and its effects on the native plant-soil feedback and also to demonstrate the importance of understanding the integrative soil microorganism impact on the competition between native and invasive plants along with its effects on plant-soil feedback.

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Effects of shade stress on turfgrasses morphophysiology and rhizosphere soil bacterial communities

10.21203/rs.2.16025/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Juanjuan Fu ◽

Yilan Luo ◽

Pengyue Sun ◽

Jinzhu Gao ◽

Donghao Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Community ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Bacterial Communities ◽

Shade Tolerance ◽

Soil Microorganisms ◽

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Photosynthetic Capacity ◽

Soil Bacterial Communities ◽

Plant Soil ◽

Soil Bacterial

Abstract Background: The shade represents one of the major environmental limitations for turfgrass growth. Shade influences plant growth and alters plant metabolism, yet little is known about how shade affects the structure of rhizosphere soil microbial communities and the role of soil microorganisms in plant shade responses. In this study, a glasshouse experiment was conducted to examine the impact of shade on the growth and photosynthetic capacity of two contrasting shade-tolerant turfgrasses, shade-tolerant dwarf lilyturf (Ophiopogon japonicus, OJ) and shade-intolerant perennial turf-type ryegrass (Lolium perenne, LP). We also examined soil-plant feedback effects on shade tolerance in the two turfgrass genotypes. The composition of the soil bacterial community was assayed using high-throughput sequencing. Results: OJ maintained higher photosynthetic capacity and root growth than LP under shade stress, thus OJ was found to be more shade-tolerant than LP. Shade-intolerant LP responded better to both shade and soil microbes than shade-tolerant OJ. The shade and live soil decreased LP growth, but increased biomass allocation to shoots in the live soil. The plant shade response index of LP is higher in live soil than sterile soil, driven by weakened soil-plant feedback under shade stress. In contrast, there was no difference in these values for OJ under similar shade and soil treatments. Shade stress had little impact on the diversity of the OJ and the LP bacterial communities, but instead impacted their composition. The OJ soil bacterial communities were mostly composed of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria. Further pairwise fitting analysis showed that a positive correlation of shade-tolerance in two turfgrasses and their bacterial community compositions. Several soil properties (NO3--N, NH4+-N, AK) showed a tight coupling with several major bacterial communities under shade stress. Moreover, OJ shared core bacterial taxa known to promote plant growth and confer tolerance to shade stress, which suggests common principles underpinning OJ-microbe interactions. Conclusion: Soil microorganisms mediate plant responses to shade stress via plant-soil feedback and shade-induced change in the rhizosphere soil bacterial community structure for OJ and LP plants. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding plant-soil interactions and their role in the mechanisms underlying shade tolerance in shade-tolerant turfgrasses.

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