<p>ABSTRAK<br />Busuk batang vanili (BBV) yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium<br />oxysporum f.sp. vanillae (Fov) merupakan patogen penting pada vanili dan<br />menyebabkan kerugian besar setiap tahunnya di Indonesia. Jumlah<br />kerugian diperkirakan sebesar 3.000 ton atau sekitar US$ 16 juta.<br />Penelitian dilaksanakan di laboratorium dan rumah kaca Kelti Hama dan<br />Penyakit, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Bogor pada bulan<br />Februari 2010 sampai Agustus 2010. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk<br />mengetahui pengaruh formula dengan bahan aktif minyak cengkeh dan<br />serai wangi terhadap penyakit BBV dan dampaknya terhadap kehidupan<br />mikroorganisme tanah. Dalam pelaksanaannya, kegiatan penelitian dilaku-<br />kan dalam 3 tahap yaitu : (1) uji formula in vitro, (2) uji formula in vivo,<br />dan (3) uji dampak formula terhadap mikroorganisme tanah. Percobaan<br />tahap 1, 2, dan 3 masing-masing terdiri atas 10, 6, dan 6 perlakuan,<br />dan.masing-masing disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan<br />3 ulangan. Materi yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) formula<br />dengan bahan aktif minyak cengkeh (formula standar), (2) formula dengan<br />bahan aktif minyak cengkeh dan serai wangi (formula baru), dan (3)<br />fungisida sintetis berbahan aktif mankozeb sebagai pembanding. Hasil uji<br />in vitro menunjukkan bahwa fungisida nabati CS (minyak cengkeh + serai<br />wangi) pada ke 3 tingkatan konsentrasi (terutama konsentrasi 400 ppm)<br />memperlihatkan efektivitas yang tinggi dalam menghambat pertumbuhan<br />miselium dan produksi spora patogen Fov.F117 dibandingkan perlakuan<br />lain dan kontrol. Hasil uji in vivo menunjukkan hal yang sama bahwa<br />fungisida nabati CS memperlihatkan efektivitas yang tinggi dalam<br />menekan intensitas serangan patogen BBV, terutama pada dosis aplikasi 5<br />ml/l. Dampak perlakuan terhadap kehidupan mikroorganisme tanah (fungi<br />dan bakteri) memperlihatkan bahwa penggunaan fungisida sintetis<br />mankozeb menghambat kehidupan mikroorganisme tanah 90-100% jika<br />dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Populasi mikroorganisme tanah pada semua<br />perlakuan fungisida nabati lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan fungisida<br />mankozeb. Populasi mikroorganisme pada aplikasi fungisida nabati pada<br />dosis 5 ml/l tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol. Penelitian ini<br />menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan fungisida nabati minyak cengkeh<br />terutama jika dikombinasikan dengan minyak serai wangi mempunyai<br />prospek untuk digunakan dalam pengendalian penyakit BBV dengan<br />interval aplikasi 3-4 minggu sekali.<br />Kata kunci : Vanilla planifolia, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp, vanillae, busuk<br />batang vanili, minyak cengkeh, minyak serai wangi</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Vanilla stem rot (VSR) disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.<br />vanillae (Fov) is an important disease on vanilla and causes severe loss<br />annually in Indonesia. The total annual loss in production due to the VSR<br />was estimated to be 3,000 ton or about US$ 16 million. This research was<br />carried out in the laboratory and green house of Pest and Disease of<br />Research Institute for Spices and Medicinal Crops, Bogor from February<br />2010 until August 2010. The objective of this research was to study the<br />effect of formula using active compounds of clove and citronella oils on<br />the VSR disease and its impact on the survival of soil microorganisms.<br />The research activities were conducted in three stages, namely (1) in vitro<br />formula test; (2) in vivo formula test, and (3) impact test of formula on the<br />soil microorganisms. Materials studied in this research were (1) formula<br />with active compound of clove oil (standard), (2) formula with active<br />compound of clove and citronella oils (new formula), and (3) synthetic<br />fungicide with mancozeb active ingredient as comparison. Every phase of<br />this 3 stage experiment was arranged using completely randomized design<br />with three replicates. First, second, and third phases of the experiment<br />consisted of 10, 6, and 6 treatments, respectively. In vitro test results<br />carried out in the laboratory indicated that botanical formula CS (clove and<br />citronella oils of the three concentration levels, especially on the 400 ppm)<br />showed high effectiveness on inhibiting mycelium growth and spore<br />production of Fov.F117 pathogen compared to other treatments and<br />control. In vivo test in the green house indicated the same result that<br />botanical fungicide CS (clove dan citronella oils) showed high<br />effectiveness in suppressing VSR disease infection intensity, especially on<br />5 ml/l dosage. Application of mancozeb synthetic fungicide inhibited 90 –<br />100% soil microorganism livelihood compared to control. However, the<br />soil microorganism population on all botanical fungicides was higher than<br />on mancozeb fungicide. The microorganism population on the botanical<br />fungicide of 5 ml/l dosage was not significantly different from the control<br />(natural soil with no treatment). This research indicates that aplication of<br />botanical fungicide (combination between clove and citronella oils) with<br />3 - 4 weeks interval is prospectous to control VSR disease.<br />Key words : Vanilla planifolia, Fusarium oxysporum, f.sp. vanillae,<br />vanilla stem rot, clove oil, citronella oil</p>
The response of soil and phyllosphere microbial communities to repeated application of the fungicide iprodione: accelerated biodegradation or toxicity?
