Different community assembly of ground beetles and spiders in subalpine forests and alpine scoria deserts of a young volcano, Mt. Fuji

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Ohwaki ◽  
Akio Tanikawa ◽  
Toshio Kishimoto ◽  
Saki Maeda ◽  
Masahiko Kitahara
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
KD Sunderland ◽  
GL Lovei ◽  
J Fenlon

The diet and reproductive periods of Harpalus affinis (= Harpalus aeneus) and Clivina australasiae, collected by pitfall trapping from graminaceous and legume crops at four sites on the North Island of New Zealand, were determined by dissection. H. affinis was predominantly phytophagous, with a liking for weed seeds; its main animal foods were Aphididae and Diptera. Females were gravid in spring (September-November) and summer (December-February) whilst tenerals were found mainly in autumn (March-May). Diet and phenology were similar in New Zealand, Europe and North America. C. australasiae was a polyphagous carnivore, consuming 11 categories of animal food (the most frequent being Enchytraeidae and Lumbricidae) and six categories of plant food. Females contained eggs from August to March. The food and reproductive period of C. australasiae in New Zealand were similar to those previously reported for Clivina fossor in Europe and North America. Overall, both species are considered likely to play a beneficial role in New Zealand agriculture. Opportunities are identified to study further the biocontrol potential and role in ecosystem function (e.g. community assembly rules) of these species, by means of translocation experiments.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coline Deveautour ◽  
Suzanne Donn ◽  
Sally Power ◽  
Kirk Barnett ◽  
Jeff Powell

Future climate scenarios predict changes in rainfall regimes. These changes are expected to affect plants via effects on the expression of root traits associated with water and nutrient uptake. Associated microorganisms may also respond to these new precipitation regimes, either directly in response to changes in the soil environment or indirectly in response to altered root trait expression. We characterised arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities in an Australian grassland exposed to experimentally altered rainfall regimes. We used Illumina sequencing to assess the responses of AM fungal communities associated with four plant species sampled in different watering treatments and evaluated the extent to which shifts were associated with changes in root traits. We observed that altered rainfall regimes affected the composition but not the richness of the AM fungal communities, and we found distinctive communities in the increased rainfall treatment. We found no evidence of altered rainfall regime effects via changes in host physiology because none of the studied traits were affected by changes in rainfall. However, specific root length was observed to correlate with AM fungal richness, while concentrations of phosphorus and calcium in root tissue and the proportion of root length allocated to fine roots were correlated to community composition. Our study provides evidence that climate change and its effects on rainfall may influence AM fungal community assembly, as do plant traits related to plant nutrition and water uptake. We did not find evidence that host responses to altered rainfall drive AM fungal community assembly in this grassland ecosystem.


2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
KL Vergin ◽  
N Jhirad ◽  
J Dodge ◽  
CA Carlson ◽  
SJ Giovannoni

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-353
Author(s):  
E. A. Kuchina ◽  
N. D. Ovcharenko ◽  
L. D. Vasileva

<p>Anthropogenic impact on the population of ground beetles leads to a change in their numbers, structure of dominance, density, species composition, spectrum of life forms. This makes the beetles Carabidae a convenient and informative bioindicator of the ecological state of biocenoses. The material for this work was the Carabidae collections conducted in June-August 2016-2017 in the park zone of different regions of Barnaul, differing in location, area, hydrological regime, vegetation cover, purpose and anthropogenic load. When processing the material, the quantitative, species and generic composition of the carabidae was determined, calculations were made for such indicators as the Berger-Parker dominance index, the Shannon species diversity index (Hs), and the Jacquard species similarity index. The fauna (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of the park zone of Barnaul is represented by 55 species belonging to 20 genera. The dominant group is represented by species belonging to steppe, forest and polyzonal groups. Forest-steppe species of ground beetles as dominants have not been identified in any of the investigated territories. The greatest variety of ecological groups was noted on the territory of the Yubileyny рark, which is explained by the presence of zones with various microclimatic conditions, the presence of a birch grove that flows through the park with the Pivovarka River, and a wide log in the park. Registered species belong to eight groups of life forms belonging to two classes - zoophagous and myxophytophagous. On the numerical and species abundance, zoophages predominate. The spectrum of life forms corresponds to the zonal spectrum characteristic of the forest-steppe zone.</p><p> </p>


Author(s):  
Charles C. Rhoades ◽  
Robert M. Hubbard ◽  
Paul R. Hood ◽  
Banning J. Starr ◽  
Daniel B. Tinker ◽  
...  

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