Effects of children's working memory capacity and processing speed on their sentence imitation performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard H. Poll ◽  
Carol A. Miller ◽  
Elina Mainela-Arnold ◽  
Katharine Donnelly Adams ◽  
Maya Misra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Sentence Imitation

scholarly journals Cognitive Modeling in Intelligence Research: Advantages and Recommendations for their Application

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gidon T. Frischkorn ◽  
Anna-Lena Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
General Intelligence

Mathematical models of cognition measure individual differences in cognitive processes, such as processing speed, working memory capacity, and executive functions, that may underlie general intelligence. As such, cognitive models allow identifying associations between specific cognitive processes and tracking the effect of experimental interventions aimed at the enhancement of intelligence on mediating process parameters. Moreover, cognitive models provide an explicit theoretical formalization of theories regarding specific cognitive process that may help overcoming ambiguities in the interpretation of fuzzy verbal theories. In this paper, we give an overview of the advantages of cognitive modeling in intelligence research and present models in the domains of processing speed, working memory, and selective attention that may be of particular interest for intelligence research. Moreover, we provide guidelines for the application of cognitive models in intelligence research, including data collection, the evaluation of model fit, and statistical analyses.

Interactivity, Efficiency, and Individual Differences in Mental Arithmetic

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Vallée-Tourangeau
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Static Condition ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Verbal Protocols ◽  
Attention Switching ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
Set Size

Thinking efficiency was examined in mental arithmetic as a function of the degree of interactivity afforded by the task. Participants carried out single-digit additions, involving either 7 or 11 numbers, as fast and as accurately as possible. They completed the sums in blocks, five from the short 7-number set first, and five from the longer 11-number set second. These sets were interpolated among a series of other tasks that measured numeracy and arithmetic skills, working memory capacity, visuo-spatial processing speed, and attention switching, in such a way as to permit the presentation of the sets twice, once with each of the sums presented on a piece of paper and participants placing their hands flat on the table and once with the sums presented as a set of manipulable tokens. Efficiency was measured as the ratio of performance over time invested. A significant interaction between condition and set size was observed: Efficiency was slightly better in the static condition for short sums but declined substantially relative to the interactive condition for long sums. Twenty-two percent of the variance in efficiency for hard sums in the static condition was explained by arithmetic skills and working memory capacity, whereas 45% of this variance was explained by arithmetic skills, working memory capacity, and attention switching skills in the interactive condition. A separate sample of 17 participants who provided concurrent verbal protocols as they solved the problems revealed that paths to solution and arithmetic strategies were substantially transformed by the opportunity to manipulate tokens.

Working memory capacity in a go/no-go task: Age differences in interference, processing speed, and attentional control.

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1683-1696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odir Antonio Rodríguez-Villagra ◽  
Katrin Göthe ◽  
Klaus Oberauer ◽  
Reinhold Kliegl
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Interference Processing

scholarly journals Sentence Repetition Accuracy in Adults With Developmental Language Impairment: Interactions of Participant Capacities and Sentence Structures

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard H. Poll ◽  
Carol A. Miller ◽  
Janet G. van Hell
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Language Ability ◽  
Sentence Length ◽  
Ability Group ◽  
Sentence Repetition ◽  
Developmental Language Impairment

Purpose We asked whether sentence repetition accuracy could be explained by interactions of participant processing limitations with the structures of the sentences. We also tested a prediction of the procedural deficit hypothesis (Ullman & Pierpont, 2005) that adjuncts are more difficult than arguments for individuals with developmental language impairment (DLI). Method Forty-four young adults participated, 21 with DLI. The sentence repetition task varied sentence length and the use of arguments and adjuncts. We also administered measures of working memory and processing speed. Our regression models focused on these interactions: group and argument status; processing speed, length, and argument status; and working memory capacity, length, and argument status. Results Language ability group was a significant predictor of sentence repetition accuracy but did not interact with argument status. Processing speed interacted with sentence length and argument status. Working memory capacity and its separate interactions with argument status and sentence length predicted sentence repetition accuracy. Conclusions Many adults with DLI may have difficulty with adjuncts as a result of their working memory limitations rather than their language ability. Cognitive limitations common to individuals with DLI are revealed more by particular sentence structures, suggesting ways to construct more diagnostically accurate sentence repetition tasks.

scholarly journals Cognitive Models in Intelligence Research: Advantages and Recommendations for Their Application

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gidon Frischkorn ◽  
Anna-Lena Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
General Intelligence

Mathematical models of cognition measure individual differences in cognitive processes, such as processing speed, working memory capacity, and executive functions, that may underlie general intelligence. As such, cognitive models allow identifying associations between specific cognitive processes and tracking the effect of experimental interventions aimed at the enhancement of intelligence on mediating process parameters. Moreover, cognitive models provide an explicit theoretical formalization of theories regarding specific cognitive processes that may help in overcoming ambiguities in the interpretation of fuzzy verbal theories. In this paper, we give an overview of the advantages of cognitive modeling in intelligence research and present models in the domains of processing speed, working memory, and selective attention that may be of particular interest for intelligence research. Moreover, we provide guidelines for the application of cognitive models in intelligence research, including data collection, the evaluation of model fit, and statistical analyses.

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