Plasmids from the gut microbiome of cabbage root fly larvae encode SaxA that catalyses the conversion of the plant toxin 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1379-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia U. Welte ◽  
Rob M. de Graaf ◽  
Tijs J. M. van den Bosch ◽  
Huub J. M. Op den Camp ◽  
Nicole M. van Dam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Plant Toxin ◽  
Cabbage Root Fly ◽  
Fly Larvae ◽  
Phenylethyl Isothiocyanate

scholarly journals Black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) strengthen the metabolic function of food waste biodegradation by gut microbiome

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng‐Liang Jiang ◽  
Wei‐Zheng Jin ◽  
Xin‐Hua Tao ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Jun Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Metabolic Function ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Fly Larvae

Spectral sensitivity and visual conditioning in the parasitoid wasp Trybliographa rapae (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.E. Brown ◽  
C.P. Frank ◽  
H.L. Groves ◽  
M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Sensitivity ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Specific Function ◽  
Colour Discrimination ◽  
Trybliographa Rapae ◽  
Cabbage Root Fly ◽  
Conditioning Period ◽  
Fly Larvae

AbstractSpectral sensitivity of the wasp Trybliographa rapae (Westwood), a parasitoid of cabbage root fly larvae, was measured by the electroretinogram (ERG) technique and by a complimentary behavioural technique, to 15 selected wavelength bands from 340 to 670 nm. Peaks of electroretinogram sensitivity were found in the ultraviolet, blue and green-yellow regions of the spectrum. This corresponds to known classes of photoreceptor present in the Hymenoptera. Behavioural peaks of phototactic attraction were found in the ultraviolet and green-yellow regions, but not in the blue. No differences were observed between the sexes. We suggest that ultraviolet and green-yellow wavelengths initiated ‘escape’ and ‘foliage’ orientated behaviour respectively. Blue wavelengths appear to have a less specific function but may be important for colour discrimination. Blue wavelengths did, however, become significantly more attractive to female wasps after a pre-experimental conditioning period involving exposure to blue wavelengths in combination with swede infested with cabbage root fly larvae. Thus T. rapae has been demonstrated to show plasticity in its visually motivated behaviour. This may prove advantageous in the development of an artificial egg collecting technique for this species.

scholarly journals Cottonseed Press Cake as a Potential Diet for Industrially Farmed Black Soldier Fly Larvae Triggers Adaptations of Their Bacterial and Fungal Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothee Tegtmeier ◽  
Sabine Hurka ◽  
Patrick Klüber ◽  
Karina Brinkrolf ◽  
Philipp Heise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Press Cake ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Fly Larvae ◽  
The Impact

Black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens, Diptera: Stratiomyidae) are used for the bioconversion of organic side products into valuable compounds such as proteins, lipids and chitin. However, the economic competitiveness of farmed insects compared to conventional protein production systems in agriculture and aquaculture depends on the availability of large quantities of inexpensive insect feed. Cottonseed press cake (CPC) is a side-stream of cotton production that is rich in proteins and lipids but unsuitable as feed for several farmed animals, except ruminants, due to the presence of the anti-nutritional sesquiterpenoid gossypol. Here, we tested CPC as a feed for black soldier fly larvae and studied the impact of this diet on the gut microbiome. Larvae reared on CPC developed normally and even showed a shorter life-cycle, but were smaller at the end of larval development than control larvae reared on chicken feed. The adaptability of the larvae to different diets is mediated by their versatile gut microbiome, which facilitates digestion and detoxification. We therefore used amplicon sequencing to analyze the bacterial and fungal communities associated with larvae reared on each diet, revealing differences between the larval guts and frass (residual feed substrate) as well as differences between the two diet groups. For example, Actinomycetaceae and Aspergillaceae were significantly enriched in guts of the CPC diet group and may help to metabolize compounds such as gossypol. Potentially probiotic yeasts and beneficial Enterobacteriaceae, which presumably belong to the core microbiota, were detected in high relative abundance in the gut and frass, indicating a functional role of these microbes, especially the protection against pathogens. We conclude that CPC may be suitable as an inexpensive and environmentally sustainable feed for the industrial rearing of black soldier flies.

scholarly journals Effects of reduced water availability and insecticide on damage caused by cabbage root fly larvae

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Abdul-Salam Mahamud Baba ◽  
Isabel C Barrio ◽  
Guðmundur Halldórsson
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Cabbage Root Fly ◽  
Fly Larvae ◽  
Reduced Water

COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS FOR SCORING ROOT DAMAGE BY CABBAGE ROOT FLY LARVAE

1967 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
L. R. Wardlow ◽  
A. L. Winfield
Keyword(s):  
Root Damage ◽  
Cabbage Root Fly ◽  
Fly Larvae

Folate and vitamin B-12 deficiencies additively impaired memory function and disturbed the gut microbiota in amyloid-β infused rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunmin Park ◽  
Sunna Kang ◽  
Da Sol Kim
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Impaired Memory ◽  
Ca1 Region ◽  
Folate And Vitamin B12

Abstract. Folate and vitamin B12(V-B12) deficiencies are associated with metabolic diseases that may impair memory function. We hypothesized that folate and V-B12 may differently alter mild cognitive impairment, glucose metabolism, and inflammation by modulating the gut microbiome in rats with Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like dementia. The hypothesis was examined in hippocampal amyloid-β infused rats, and its mechanism was explored. Rats that received an amyloid-β(25–35) infusion into the CA1 region of the hippocampus were fed either control(2.5 mg folate plus 25 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-CON, n = 10), no folate(0 folate plus 25 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-FA, n = 10), no V-B12(2.5 mg folate plus 0 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-V-B12, n = 10), or no folate plus no V-B12(0 mg folate plus 0 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-FAB12, n = 10) in high-fat diets for 8 weeks. AD-FA and AD-VB12 exacerbated bone mineral loss in the lumbar spine and femur whereas AD-FA lowered lean body mass in the hip compared to AD-CON(P < 0.05). Only AD-FAB12 exacerbated memory impairment by 1.3 and 1.4 folds, respectively, as measured by passive avoidance and water maze tests, compared to AD-CON(P < 0.01). Hippocampal insulin signaling and neuroinflammation were attenuated in AD-CON compared to Non-AD-CON. AD-FAB12 impaired the signaling (pAkt→pGSK-3β) and serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels the most among all groups. AD-CON decreased glucose tolerance by increasing insulin resistance compared to Non-AD-CON. AD-VB12 and AD-FAB12 increased insulin resistance by 1.2 and 1.3 folds, respectively, compared to the AD-CON. AD-CON and Non-AD-CON had a separate communities of gut microbiota. The relative counts of Bacteroidia were lower and those of Clostridia were higher in AD-CON than Non-AD-CON. AD-FA, but not V-B12, separated the gut microbiome community compared to AD-CON and AD-VB12(P = 0.009). In conclusion, folate and B-12 deficiencies impaired memory function by impairing hippocampal insulin signaling and gut microbiota in AD rats.

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