Studies on the Biochemistry of Epidermis IV. The Free Amino Acids, Ammonia, Urea, and Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid Contest of Conventional and Germ-Free Albino Guinea Pig Epidermis

Determination of the free amino acid and lactate content of testicular tissue in rat, guinea pig, rabbit, cat, gerbil, hamster, chicken and bullfrog indicates a substantial species variation. Insulin hypoglycaemia and ammonium acetate toxicity changes the concentration of several free amino acids of rat testes. 14C radioactivity from labelled acetate and ethanol is rapidly incorporated into some of the free amino acids of rat testes in vivo, whereas incorporation from [14C]glucose is relatively slow. These results have been compared with those obtained from similar studies with rat brain. In contrast to brain, there is no evidence for glutamate compartmentation in testes.

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Free amino acids of newborn and adult guinea pig brain

Developmental Psychobiology ◽

10.1002/dev.420010106 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 24-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jimmie M. Davis ◽

Williamina A. Himwich ◽

Harish C. Agrawal

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Guinea Pig ◽

Free Amino Acids ◽

Free Amino ◽

Pig Brain ◽

Guinea Pig Brain

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β-Aspartylglycine, a substance unique to caecal contents of germ-free and antibiotic-treated mice

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj1750807 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 175 (3) ◽

pp. 807-812 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

G W Welling ◽

G Groen

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

High Voltage ◽

Free Amino Acids ◽

Free Amino ◽

Fold Increase ◽

High Concentration ◽

Colour Reaction ◽

Similar Treatment ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Germ Free

The caecal supernatants from germ-free, antibiotic-treated and control mice were compared with respect to their content of low-molecular-weight substances (less than 3500 mol. wt.). The supernatants contained about the same amount of free amino acids. After acid hydrolysis, the caecal supernatants of germ-free and antibiotic-treated mice showed a 2.9-fold increase in free amino acids, whereas a similar treatment of the supernatant from control mice resulted in a 2.6-fold increase. By gel filtration on Sephadex G-25, and high-voltage paper electrophoresis at pH 3.5 of the fractions eluted after the void volume, it was found that the caecal supernatants of germ-free and antibiotic-treated mice contained a substance more acidic than aspartic acid. Preparative high-voltage electrophoresis, dansylation, amino acid analysis and a specific colour reaction showed the substance to be beta-aspartylglycine. After a minimal 36 h of treatment with neomycin and bacitracin, a high concentration of beta-aspartylglycine was found, and no enterococci and aerobic Gram-negative rods could be cultured from the caecal contents. The possibility that in one mouse the appearance of beta-aspartylglycine was related to a decrease in Gram-negative rods was ruled out by selective elimination of aerobic Gram-negative rods by using polymyxin B. This suggests that other bacteria concomitantly eliminated with the enterococci and aerobic Gram-negative rods, directly or indirectly, could play a role in the accumulation of beta-aspartylglycine.

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The distribution of free amino acids in subcellular fractions of guinea-pig brain

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj0980128 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 98 (1) ◽

pp. 128-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 144

Author(s):

JL Mangan ◽

VP Whittaker

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Guinea Pig ◽

Free Amino Acids ◽

Free Amino ◽

Subcellular Fractions ◽

Pig Brain ◽

Guinea Pig Brain

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On the synthesis of 3,4-dihydroxyprolines. I. cis-Glycolation of 3,4-dehydroproline derivatives

Australian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1071/ch9680769 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 769 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

CB Hudson ◽

AV Robertson ◽

WRJ Simpson

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Carboxylic Acid ◽

Free Amino Acids ◽

Free Amino ◽

High Yields ◽

Proline Derivatives ◽

Derivatives Of

The interaction of OsO4 and protected derivatives of 3,4-dehydro-DL-proline gives high yields of 2,3-trans-3,4-cis-3,4-dihydroxy-DL-proline derivatives, with only traces of the 2,3-cis-3,4-cis diastereoisomers. Corresponding α-glycolation with KMnO4 gives mixtures of the 2,3-trans-3,4-cis and 2,3-cis-3,4-cis isomers in the ratio 1 : 1. Separation of the components of such mixtures is extremely difficult. The free amino acids in these two families of the 3,4-dihydroxy-DL-prolines have been characterized. Epimerization at C2 of 2,3-cis derivatives occurs readily. O-Tosylation of the 2,3-cis series occurs more readily than for other hydroxyprolines. Esters of N,O,O-tritosyl-2,3-trans-3,4-cis-3,4-dihydroxyproline are converted very rapidly by mild alkali into the equivalent esters of X-tosylpyrrole-2-carboxylic acid. For the corresponding N,O,O-tritosyl carboxylic acid, decarboxylation also takes place during aromatization, to yield N-tosylpyrrole.

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