Influence of a low protein diet on brain contents of free amino acids and histamine in the weanling guinea pig

1. Free amino acid concentrations in the plasma have been compared with those in liver and quadriceps muscle, in rats fed on diets containing 209 (control) and 31 (low-protein) g protein/kg. The effects of the low-protein diet on diurnal variations in these values were also measured.2. In the plasma, the total amino acid concentration was significantly lower in animals given the low-protein diet, at all times of day except 12.00 hours. In the liver, and to a lesser extent the muscle, total amino acid concentration was maintained.3. In the control animals, diurnal variation in the concentrations of both essential and non-essential amino acids was very similar in plasma, liver and muscle. In animals given the low-protein diet, although the same diurnal pattern was maintained for non-essential amino acids, that occurring among the essential amino acids had virtually disappeared.4. In plasma, the mean 24 h concentration of essential amino acids decreased from 24· mmol/l in control animals to only 1·29 mmol/l in the low-protein-fed animals. Concentrations in muscle and liver were reduced by a similar proportion (from 8·6 to 5·56 μmol/g and from 8·67 to 5·05 μmol/g respectively). Conversely the concentrations of non-essential amino acids in animals given the low-protein diet were increased in plasma (from 1·53 to 2·00 mmol/l), muscle (from 12·5 to 14·3 μmol/g), and liver (from 16·8 to 20·5 μmol/g), muscle showing the lowest increase.5. With the exceptions of lysine, threonine, cystine and tyrosine, the concentrations of all other essential amino acids were reduced more in liver than in muscle. The relationship between this and the failure to maintain plasma albumin concentrations is discussed.

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PSIV-6 Effect of a Phytogenic Water Additive on Growth Performance, Blood Metabolites and Gene Expression of Amino Acids Transporters in Nursery Pigs Fed with Low Protein Diets

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.507 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 281-282

Author(s):

Cedrick N Shili ◽

Mohammad Habibi ◽

Julia Sutton ◽

Jessie Barnes ◽

Jacob Burchkonda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Amino Acids ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Mrna Abundance ◽

Protein Diet ◽

Low Protein Diet ◽

Blood Calcium ◽

Low Protein ◽

Protein Diets ◽

Standard Protein

Abstract Moderately low protein (MLP) diets can help decrease nutrient excretion from the swine production. However, MLP diets negatively impact growth performance. We hypothesized that supplementing MLP diets with phytogenics may reduce the negative effects of these diets on growth. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a phytogenic water additive (PWA; Herbanimal®) on growth performance, blood metabolite and gene expression of amino acids transporters in pigs fed with MLP diets. Forty-eight weaned barrows were allotted to six dietary treatments (n = 8) for 4 weeks: >CON-NS: standard protein diet-no PWA; CON-LS: standard protein diet-low PWA dose (4 ml/L); CON-HS: standard protein diet-high PWA dose (8 ml/L); LP-NS: low protein diet-no PWA; LP-LS: low protein diet-low PWA dose (4 ml/L); LP-HS: low protein diet- high PWA dose (8 ml/L). Feed intake and body weight were recorded daily and weekly, respectively. At week 4, blood and tissue samples were collected and analyzed for metabolites using a chemistry analyzer and amino acid transporters using qPCR, respectively. The data were analyzed by univariate GLM (SPSS®) and the means were separated using paired Student’s t-test corrected by Benjamini-Hochberg. Pigs fed CON-HS improved the average daily gain and serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations compared to CON-NS. Pigs fed LP-LS had higher serum phosphorus and blood urea nitrogen compared to the pigs fed with LP-NS. The mRNA abundance of SLC7A11 in the jejunum was lower in CON-LS and CON-HS compared to CON-NS. Additionally, mRNA abundance of SLC6A19 in the jejunum of pigs fed with LP-LS was higher compared to LP-NS and lower in CON-HS relative to pigs fed with CON-LS. In conclusion, PWA improved the growth performance of pigs fed standard protein diets but not low protein diets. Further, the PWA improved the concentrations of blood calcium and phosphorous in pigs fed MLP diets. Funding: Agrivida and Animal Health and Production and Animal Products: Improved Nutritional Performance, Growth, and Lactation of Animals from the USDA-NIFA.

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FURTHER OBSERVATIONS OF A PATIENT WITH HYPERGLYCINEMIA

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.33.3.403 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 403-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Barton Childs ◽

William L. Nyhan

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Protein Diet ◽

Low Protein Diet ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Low Protein

Observations of a patient with hyperglycinemia have been extended. The patient, who has been subsisting on a low protein diet, has shown some improvement in the clinical manifestations though he has failed to grow. Loading experiments have increased the list of amino acids capable of inducing ketosis and symptoms in the patient to five: leucine, isoleucine, valine, threonine, and methionine. Eleven other amino acids have been similarly tested and were found to be beneficial, reducing the toxicity of the five ketogenic amino acids. Blood levels of the amino acids have been measured under a variety of circumstances. When given alone, the toxic amino acids were found to accumulate in the blood. Such accumulations were less striking when the nonketogenic amino acids were given together with the ketogenic ones. The patient has been benefitted by a diet low in protein which has been supplemented by the innocuous amino acids.

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Milk Protein Quantity and Quality in Low-Birth-Weight Infants: II. Effects on Selected Aliphatic Amino Acids in Plasma and Urine

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.59.3.407 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 407-422 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

David K. Rassin ◽

Gerald E. Gaull ◽

Kirsti Heinonen ◽

Niels C. R. Räihäa

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Human Milk ◽

Free Amino Acids ◽

Free Amino ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

Low Protein ◽

Protein Diets

The optimal quantity and quality of protein for low-birth-weight infants is undefined. In this study, 106 well, appropriate-for-gestational-age, low-birth-weight infants weighing 2,100 gm or less were divided into three gestational age groups and assigned randomly within each age group to one of five feeding regimens: pooled human milk; formula 1 (protein content, 1.5 gm/100 ml, 60 parts bovine whey proteins to 40 parts bovine caseins); formula 2 (3.0 gm/100 ml, 60:40); formula 3 (1.5 gm/100 ml, 18:82); and formula 4 (3.0 gm/100 ml, 18:82). The concentrations of the free amino acids in the plasma and urine of these infants were determined. The plasma concentrations of free amino acids were generally far greater in the infants fed the 3.0-gm/100 ml protein diets than they were in the infants fed pooled human milk. The plasma concentrations of free amino acids of the infants fed the 1.5-gm/100 ml protein diets were intermediate. In general, the concentrations of the free amino acids in the plasma of the infants fed the 3.0-gm/100 ml caseinpredominant formula (F4) were furthest from those fed pooled human milk. Glutamate showed the highest plasma amino acid concentrations in infants fed both the high- and low-protein casein-predominant formulas. This was true despite the fact that the intake of glutamate on the high-protein, whey-predominant formula was twice that on the low-protein, casein-predominant formula. The differences between groups in the essential amino acids in plasma were generally greater than those of the nonessential amino acids. The concentrations of amino acids in the urine tended to parallel those of the plasma.

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