Epidemiology of inpatient gout in Australia and New Zealand: temporal trends, comorbidities and gout flare site

The aim of the present study was to describe the pattern of flat and jump races and starts, including temporal trends, in Thoroughbred racing in New Zealand. Data on all race starts between 1 August 2005 and 31 July 2011 were supplied by New Zealand Thoroughbred Racing. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data at both race and start level, stratified by flat and jumps races. In total, 96% of races run were flat races and most races and starts occurred in the Northern region. There was an even distribution of flat races across season of the year, whereas most (60%; 514/863) jumps races were run in winter followed by autumn (21%; 183/863), with no races run in summer. Irrespective of region or season, most flat races were run on Good (37%; 7505/20 091) tracks and most (45%; 384/863) jumps races were run on Heavy tracks. There was no change in the number of horses per race or starts per horse across the years studied, and the median number of starts per trainer was 14 (interquartile range 6–38) for flat races and 3 (interquartile range 2–6) for jumps races. The results showed there is a relatively consistent product offered for Thoroughbred racing in New Zealand, which is primarily focussed on flat racing. The study provided baseline data on the pattern of Thoroughbred racing in New Zealand, which can be used as background for future industry-related studies.

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Pelagic shark bycatch in the New Zealand tuna longline fishery

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf00086 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 165 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Malcolm P. Francis ◽

Lynda H. Griggs ◽

Susan Jane Baird

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Pacific Ocean ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Longline Fishery ◽

Catch Per Unit Effort ◽

Prionace Glauca ◽

Isurus Oxyrinchus ◽

Males And Females ◽

North And South ◽

Tuna Longline

Tuna longline effort declined from 23—26 million hooks per year in 1979mdash;82 to 2mdash;4 million hooks per year in 1995mdash;98. Scientific observer coverage averaged 7.5%since 1988mdash;89, but increased in 1992mdash;93 (mean 23%). Observed catch per unit effort (CPUE) and the numbers of hooks set were used to estimate shark catches. Between 1988mdash;89 and 1997mdash;98,about 450 000 blue sharks (Prionace glauca), 65 000 porbeagles (Lamna nasus ) and 25 000 shortfin makos (Isurus oxyrinchus) were caught. In 1997mdash;98,about 45 000 blue sharks, 4000 porbeagles and 3000 makos were caught. Corresponding weight estimates were 1400 t, 150 t and 200 t. CPUE varied between foreign and domestic vessels, between north and south regions and among years, but there were no consistent temporal trends. Most males and females were immature, and most sharks were alive when recovered. Most sharks were processed, but usually only the fins were retained. The New Zealand tuna longline fishery is probably not seriously affecting pelagic shark stocks, but adequate assessment is not currently feasible. Accurate monitoring of Pacific Ocean catches is an important first step towards ensuring sustainability of their populations.

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Current concentrations, temporal trends and determinants of persistent organic pollutants in breast milk of New Zealand women

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.055 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 458-460 ◽

pp. 399-407 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Andrea 't Mannetje ◽

Jonathan Coakley ◽

Phil Bridgen ◽

Collin Brooks ◽

Stuart Harrad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Organic Pollutants ◽

Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽

Temporal Trends

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Postoperative mortality in New Zealand following general anaesthetic: demographic patterns and temporal trends

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036451 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. e036451

Author(s):

Jason K Gurney ◽

Melissa McLeod ◽

James Stanley ◽

Doug Campbell ◽

Luke Boyle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

National Level ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Postoperative Mortality ◽

Waiting List ◽

General Anaesthetic ◽

Postoperative Death ◽

Universal Healthcare ◽

Increased Risk

ObjectivesIn this manuscript, we describe broad trends in postoperative mortality in New Zealand (a country with universal healthcare) for acute and elective/waiting list procedures conducted between 2005 and 2017.Design, participants and settingWe use high-quality national-level hospitalisation data to compare the risk of postoperative mortality between demographic subgroups after adjusting for key patient-level confounders and mediators. We also present temporal trends and consider how rates in postoperative death following acute and elective/waiting list procedures have changed over this time period.Results and conclusionA total of 1 836 683 unique patients accounted for 3 117 374 admissions in which a procedure was performed under general anaesthetic over the study period. We observed an overall 30-day mortality rate of 0.5 per 100 procedures and a 90-day mortality rate of 0.9 per 100. For acute procedures, we observed a 30-day mortality rate of 1.6 per 100, compared with 0.2 per 100 for elective/waiting list procedures. In terms of procedure specialty, respiratory and cardiovascular procedures had the highest rate of 30-day mortality (age-standardised rate, acute procedures: 3–6 per 100; elective/waiting list: 0.7-1 per 100). As in other contexts, we observed that the likelihood of postoperative death was not proportionally distributed within our population: older patients, Māori patients, those living in areas with higher deprivation and those with comorbidity were at increased risk of postoperative death, even after adjusting for all available factors that might explain differences between these groups. Increasing procedure risk (measured using the Johns Hopkins Surgical Risk Classification System) was also associated with an increased risk of postoperative death. Encouragingly, it appears that risk of postoperative mortality has declined over the past decade, possibly reflecting improvements in perioperative quality of care; however, this decline did not occur equally across procedure specialties.

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FRI-384-Early cardiovascular mortality following liver transplantation: 30-year temporal trends from the Australian and New Zealand liver transplant registry

Journal of Hepatology ◽

10.1016/s0618-8278(19)31123-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. e563-e564

Author(s):

Anoop Koshy ◽

Omar Farouque ◽

Jithin Sajeev ◽

Adam Testro ◽

Matthew Peverelle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Transplantation ◽

New Zealand ◽

Liver Transplant ◽

Cardiovascular Mortality ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Transplant Registry

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A History of Open Weather in New Zealand (HOWNZ): an open access 1-km resolution monthly 1910–2019 time-series of interpolated temperature and rainfall grids with associated uncertainty

10.5194/essd-2021-303 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas R. Etherington ◽

George L. W. Perry ◽

Janet M. Wilmshurst

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

New Zealand ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Spatial Uncertainty ◽

Daily Maximum ◽

Long Time ◽

Ecological Patterns ◽

History Of ◽

Patterns And Processes

Abstract. Long time-series of weather grids are fundamental to understanding how weather affects environmental or ecological patterns and processes such as plant distributions, plant and animal phenology, wildfires, and hydrology. Ideally such weather grids should be openly available and be associated with uncertainties so that users can understand any data quality issues. We present a History of Open Weather in New Zealand (HOWNZ) that uses climatological aided natural neighbour interpolation to provide monthly 1-km resolution grids of total rainfall, mean air temperature, mean daily maximum air temperature, and mean daily minimum air temperature across New Zealand from 1910 to 2019. HOWNZ matches the best available temporal extent and spatial resolution of any open weather grids that include New Zealand, and is unique in providing associated spatial uncertainty in appropriate units of measurement. The HOWNZ weather and uncertainty grids capture the dynamic spatial and temporal nature of the monthly weather variables and the uncertainty associated with the interpolation. We also demonstrate how to quantify and visualise temporal trends across New Zealand that recognise the temporal and spatial variation of uncertainties in the HOWNZ data. The HOWNZ data is openly available at https://doi.org/10.7931/zmvz-xf30 (Etherington et al., 2021).

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Excess deaths associated with covid-19 pandemic in 2020: age and sex disaggregated time series analysis in 29 high income countries

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.n1137 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. n1137 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nazrul Islam ◽

Vladimir M Shkolnikov ◽

Rolando J Acosta ◽

Ilya Klimkin ◽

Ichiro Kawachi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

New Zealand ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

High Income ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Death Rates ◽

Excess Death ◽

England And Wales ◽

Age And Sex ◽

Excess Deaths

Abstract Objective To estimate the direct and indirect effects of the covid-19 pandemic on mortality in 2020 in 29 high income countries with reliable and complete age and sex disaggregated mortality data. Design Time series study of high income countries. Setting Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, England and Wales, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Northern Ireland, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Scotland, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and United States. Participants Mortality data from the Short-term Mortality Fluctuations data series of the Human Mortality Database for 2016-20, harmonised and disaggregated by age and sex. Interventions Covid-19 pandemic and associated policy measures. Main outcome measures Weekly excess deaths (observed deaths versus expected deaths predicted by model) in 2020, by sex and age (0-14, 15-64, 65-74, 75-84, and ≥85 years), estimated using an over-dispersed Poisson regression model that accounts for temporal trends and seasonal variability in mortality. Results An estimated 979 000 (95% confidence interval 954 000 to 1 001 000) excess deaths occurred in 2020 in the 29 high income countries analysed. All countries had excess deaths in 2020, except New Zealand, Norway, and Denmark. The five countries with the highest absolute number of excess deaths were the US (458 000, 454 000 to 461 000), Italy (89 100, 87 500 to 90 700), England and Wales (85 400, 83 900 to 86 800), Spain (84 100, 82 800 to 85 300), and Poland (60 100, 58 800 to 61 300). New Zealand had lower overall mortality than expected (−2500, −2900 to −2100). In many countries, the estimated number of excess deaths substantially exceeded the number of reported deaths from covid-19. The highest excess death rates (per 100 000) in men were in Lithuania (285, 259 to 311), Poland (191, 184 to 197), Spain (179, 174 to 184), Hungary (174, 161 to 188), and Italy (168, 163 to 173); the highest rates in women were in Lithuania (210, 185 to 234), Spain (180, 175 to 185), Hungary (169, 156 to 182), Slovenia (158, 132 to 184), and Belgium (151, 141 to 162). Little evidence was found of subsequent compensatory reductions following excess mortality. Conclusion Approximately one million excess deaths occurred in 2020 in these 29 high income countries. Age standardised excess death rates were higher in men than women in almost all countries. Excess deaths substantially exceeded reported deaths from covid-19 in many countries, indicating that determining the full impact of the pandemic on mortality requires assessment of excess deaths. Many countries had lower deaths than expected in children <15 years. Sex inequality in mortality widened further in most countries in 2020.

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