Risk-preferring rats make worse decisions and show increased incubation of craving after cocaine self-administration

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 991-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline-Marie N. Ferland ◽  
Catharine A. Winstanley
Keyword(s):  
Self Administration ◽  
Incubation Of Craving

scholarly journals Relapse-like behavior and nAChR sensitization following intermittent access nicotine self-administration

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Drenan ◽  
Xiao-Tao Jin ◽  
Brenton Tucker ◽  
Leanne Thomas ◽  
Noah Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Interpeduncular Nucleus ◽  
Nicotine Intake ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Intermittent Access ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Incubation Of Craving

Many tobacco smokers consume nicotine intermittently, but the underlying mechanisms and neurobiological changes associated with intermittent nicotine intake are unclear. Understanding intermittent nicotine intake is a high priority, as it could promote therapeutic strategies to attenuate tobacco consumption. We examined nicotine intake behavior and neurobiological changes in male rats that were trained to self-administer nicotine during brief (5 min) trials interspersed with longer (15 min) drug-free periods. Rats readily adapted to intermittent access (IntA) SA following acquisition on a continuous access (ContA) schedule. Probabilistic analysis of IntA nicotine SA suggested reduced nicotine loading behavior compared to ContA, and nicotine pharmacokinetic modeling revealed that rats taking nicotine intermittently may have increased intake to maintain blood levels of nicotine that are comparable to ContA SA. After IntA nicotine SA, rats exhibited an increase in unreinforced responses for nicotine-associated cues (incubation of craving) and specific alterations in the striatal proteome after 7 days without nicotine. IntA nicotine SA also induced nAChR functional upregulation in the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN), and it enhanced nicotine binding in the brain as determined via [11C]nicotine positron emission tomography. Reducing the saliency of the cue conditions during the 5 min access periods attenuated nicotine intake, but incubation of craving was preserved. Together, these results indicate that IntA conditions promote nicotine SA and nicotine seeking after a nicotine-free period.

scholarly journals Cannabidiol effects on cocaine-seeking behaviour and incubation of craving in mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laia Alegre-Zurano ◽  
Miguel Á. Luján ◽  
Lídia Cantacorps ◽  
Ana Martín-Sánchez ◽  
Alba García-Baos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
The Self ◽  
List Type ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Demand Curves ◽  
Cocaine Seeking ◽  
Cocaine Craving ◽  
Behavioural Economic ◽  
Incubation Of Craving

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeTo remain abstinent represents one of the major challenges for the treatment of cocaine use disorder. Cocaine seeking elicited by drug-associated cues progressively intensifies during abstinence in a process termed incubation of craving, representing an aggravating factor for relapse. Cannabidiol is a phytocannabinoid that exerts protecting effects upon cocaine-seeking behaviour, although its effects on cocaine-craving incubation have never been elucidated.Experimental ApproachWe developed a mouse model of behavioural economic analysis of demand curves and incubation of cue-induced cocaine craving. Changes in the protein expression of AMPAR subunits and ERK1/2 phosphorylation were analysed. We also assessed the effects of cannabidiol (20 mg·kg-1) administered either during acquisition of cocaine self-administration or abstinence.Key ResultsMice efficiently performed the demand task and incubation of cocaine craving. Besides, changes in GluA1 and GluA2 protein levels were found along the abstinence in prelimbic cortex, ventral striatum and amygdala, as well as a decrease in ERK1/2 phosphorylation in ventral striatum. Cannabidiol reduced ongoing cocaine intake when administered during the acquisition phase of the self-administration, but failed to alter the subsequent demand task performance and incubation of cocaine craving. No effects were found when cannabidiol was administered during the abstinence period.Conclusion and ImplicationsWe provide here a novel model of behavioural economic analysis of demand curves and cue-induced incubation of cocaine-seeking behaviour for mice. Moreover, we show that cannabidiol exerts differential effects on the current model depending on the self-administration phase in which it was administered.What is already knownBehavioural economics and incubation of cocaine craving are well-stablished paradigms to evaluate cocaine seeking in rats.CBD reduces cocaine-seeking and cocaine-taking behaviours.What this study addsA mouse model of behavioural economic analysis of demand curves and incubation of cue-induced cocaine craving.CBD reduces cocaine self-administration and has no effect over demand task and cocaine-craving incubation.Clinical significanceA new behavioural model for studying cocaine addiction in mice.CBD exerts differential effects depending on when it was administered in the addictive process.Tables of Links

Collection of Ego-Centered Network Data with Computer-Assisted Interviews

Methodology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Gerich ◽  
Roland Lehner
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Network Data ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Full Network

Although ego-centered network data provide information that is limited in various ways as compared with full network data, an ego-centered design can be used without the need for a priori and researcher-defined network borders. Moreover, ego-centered network data can be obtained with traditional survey methods. However, due to the dynamic structure of the questionnaires involved, a great effort is required on the part of either respondents (with self-administration) or interviewers (with face-to-face interviews). As an alternative, we will show the advantages of using CASI (computer-assisted self-administered interview) methods for the collection of ego-centered network data as applied in a study on the role of social networks in substance use among college students.

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