A commensal network of epiphytic orchids and host trees in an Atlantic Forest remnant: A case study revealing the important role of large trees in the network structure

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique G. S. Zotarelli ◽  
José M. P. Molina ◽  
José E. L. S. Ribeiro ◽  
Silvia H. Sofia
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Epiphytic Orchids ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
Large Trees

scholarly journals The role of natural regeneration to ecosystem services provision and habitat availability: a case study in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Biotropica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 890-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo B. N. Strassburg ◽  
Felipe S. M. Barros ◽  
Renato Crouzeilles ◽  
Alvaro Iribarrem ◽  
Juliana Silveira dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Habitat Availability ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest

The role of shaded cocoa plantations in the maintenance of epiphytic orchids and their interactions with phorophytes

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Morales-Linares ◽  
José G García-Franco ◽  
Alejandro Flores-Palacios ◽  
Thorsten Krömer ◽  
Tarin Toledo-Aceves
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Network ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Epiphytic Orchids ◽  
Epiphytic Orchid ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
True Diversity ◽  
Nested Structure ◽  
Cam Species

Abstract Aims Habitat loss and fragmentation are the main threats to biodiversity in tropical forests. Agroecosystems such as shaded cocoa plantations (SCP) provide refuge for tropical forest biota. However, it is poorly known whether the interspecific ecological interactions are also maintained in these transformed habitats. We evaluated the diversity, reproductive status and photosynthetic metabolism (CAM or C3) of the epiphytic orchid community, and their interactions with host trees (phorophytes) in SCP compared to tropical rainforest (TRF). Methods In southeastern Mexico, three sites each in TRF and SCP were studied, with four 400 m2 plots established at each site to record all orchids and their phorophytes. We determined the reproductive (adult) or non-reproductive (juvenile) status of each orchid individual in relation to the presence or absence, respectively, of flowers/fruits (or remnants), and assigned the photosynthetic pathway of each orchid species based in literature. We used true diversity and ecological networks approaches to analyze orchid diversity and orchid–phorophyte interactions, respectively. Important Findings In total, 607 individuals belonging to 47 orchid species were recorded. Orchid diversity was higher in TRF (19 effective species) than in SCP (11 effective species) and only seven species were shared between the two habitats. CAM orchid species were more frequent in SCP (53%) than in TRF (14%). At the community level the proportion of non-reproductive and reproductive orchid species and the nested structure and specialization level of the TRF orchid–phorophyte network were maintained in SCP. However, only a subset of TRF epiphytic orchids remains in SCP, highlighting the importance of protecting TRF. Despite this difference, shaded agroecosystems such as SCP can maintain some of the diversity and functions of natural forests, since the SCP epiphytic orchid community, mainly composed of CAM species, and its phorophytes constitute a nested interaction network, which would confer robustness to disturbances.

scholarly journals Terrestrial passerines in an Atlantic forest remnant of Southern Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (2a) ◽  
pp. 473-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Volpato ◽  
L. Anjos ◽  
F. Poletto ◽  
P. P. Serafini ◽  
E. V. Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
Large Trees

Microhabitats of four terrestrial passerines were studied in an Atlantic forest remnant of southern Brazil, in two areas (northern and southern) of the Mata dos Godoy State Park (PG). Grallaria varia and Hylopezus nattereri showed low abundance and occurred in only one PG area, while Chamaeza campanisona and Corythopis delalandi were recorded in two. The microhabitats of C. campanisona, G. varia, and H. nattereri had many large trees and a dense understory. Corythopis delalandi was in areas having few large trees.

scholarly journals Bryophyte communities along horizontal and vertical gradients in a human-modified Atlantic Forest remnant

Botany ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mércia P.P. Silva ◽  
Kátia C. Pôrto
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Vertical Gradient ◽  
Horizontal Gradient ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Edge Distance ◽  
Vertical Gradients

We compared the richness, diversity, and composition of epiphytic bryophytes in a Brazilian Atlantic Forest remnant along zones of height within host trees (vertical gradient) and edge to interior (horizontal gradient). We established five classes of edge distance, and within each one, three host trees were selected (15 in total). Samples were collected in five height zones within host trees from the base to the top. The highest average values of richness and diversity were found in the trunk zone. There was no significant difference of bryophyte total richness and diversity along edge distance and vertical zones. However, the guilds of light tolerance displayed particularities regarding vertical zonation. Shade epiphytes decreased significantly along vertical gradients, whereas sun epiphytes increased, demonstrating a compositional vertical stratification within host trees. Thus, bryophyte distribution in both understories and canopies is more related to microenvironmental conditions than landscape characteristics such as edge distance. Moreover, the features of the Atlantic Forest associated with the environmental heterogeneity of the remnant may play an important role in the lack of gradient in species' composition from the edge to the interior of the forest.

The role of multiplicity in a cult: A case study

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Worrall ◽  
Ann W. Stockman

Endangered Butterflies and their Non-Native Host Plants: Examining Shifting Values of Belonging in Restoration

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Robert M. Anderson ◽  
Amy M. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Social ◽  
Remote Island ◽  
Scientific Truth ◽  
Native Host

The island marble butterfly (Euchloe ausonides insulanus), thought to be extinct throughout the 20th century until re-discovered on a single remote island in Puget Sound in 1998, has become the focus of a concerted protection effort to prevent its extinction. However, efforts to “restore” island marble habitat conflict with efforts to “restore” the prairie ecosystem where it lives, because of the butterfly’s use of a non-native “weedy” host plant. Through a case study of the island marble project, we examine the practice of ecological restoration as the enactment of particular norms that define which species are understood to belong in the place being restored. We contextualize this case study within ongoing debates over the value of “native” species, indicative of deep-seated uncertainties and anxieties about the role of human intervention to alter or manage landscapes and ecosystems, in the time commonly described as the “Anthropocene.” We interpret the question of “what plants and animals belong in a particular place?” as not a question of scientific truth, but a value-laden construct of environmental management in practice, and we argue for deeper reflexivity on the part of environmental scientists and managers about the social values that inform ecological restoration.

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