Multilocus genotypic data reveal high genetic diversity and low population genetic structure of Iranian indigenous sheep

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. F. Vahidi ◽  
M. O. Faruque ◽  
M. Falahati Anbaran ◽  
F. Afraz ◽  
S. M. Mousavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Indigenous Sheep

scholarly journals Genetic Variation and Population Differentiation in the Bovine Lymphocyte Antigen DRB3.2 Locus of South African Nguni Crossbred Cattle

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1651
Author(s):  
Lwamkelekile Sitshilelo Mkize ◽  
Oliver Tendayi Zishiri
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
South African ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Heterozygote Advantage ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Lymphocyte Antigen ◽  
Bovine Lymphocyte

The bovine lymphocyte antigen (BoLA-DRB3) gene is an important region that codes for glycoproteins responsible for the initiation of an immune response. BoLA-DRB3 alleles have been demonstrated to be associated with disease resistance/tolerance. Therefore, great genetic diversity is correlated with better adaptation, fitness, and robustness. The current study was conducted to assess the population genetic structure of the BoLA-DRB3 gene in Nguni crossbred cattle using polymerase chain reaction-sequence based typing (PCR-SBT). High genetic diversity was detected, with 30 alleles, 11 of which are novel to the study. Alleles DRB3*0201, DRB3*0701, DRB*0901, and DRB*1601 were present in all populations and accounted for nearly around 50% of all observed alleles. A mean genetic diversity (HE) of 0.93 was detected. The high overall genetic diversity is possibly associated with pathogen-assisted selection and heterozygote advantage. Such high diversity might explain the hardiness of the Nguni crossbred cattle to the Southern African region. Low population genetic structure was identified (FST = 0.01), suggesting possible gene flow between populations and retention of similar alleles. The study was undertaken to bridge the dearth of such studies in South African breeds and it is imperative for effective sustainability of indigenous breeds and the implementation of effective breeding strategies.

scholarly journals The Genetic Diversity and Population Genetic Structure of the Red Panda, Ailurus fulgens, in Zoos in China

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1008
Author(s):  
Yun-fang Xiu ◽  
Cheng-Chi Liu ◽  
Su-hui Xu ◽  
Chen-Si Lin ◽  
Chin-Cheng Chou
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Management Program ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Red Panda ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Ailurus Fulgens

In China, red pandas (Ailurus fulgens) have been raised in zoos for 60 years. It is very important to understand the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of the captive red pandas. Based on 19 microsatellite loci, we investigated genetic diversity and population genetic structure of 116 captive red pandas, with samples taken from 11 captive populations in China. Our results revealed a high genetic diversity among the populations, with mean allelic richness varying from 3.505 (Beijing) to 4.026 (Mianning), and expected heterozygosities varying from 0.631 (Huangshan) to 0.782 (Wenling). In particular, significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was found in populations of Fuzhou and Jiangsu. The genetic differentiation index across all populations was 0.055, indicating a significant genetic differentiation among the 11 populations. These populations could be divided into three genetic clusters using a microsatellite-based Bayesian clustering analysis, which were consistent with the clustering results of wild populations. We conclude that the genetic diversity among captive red pandas is as high as that of the wild population. More attention should be paid to develop a proper and scientifically-based management program to avoid inbreeding and maintain a high genetic diversity in captive red pandas.

scholarly journals Population genetic structure based on mitochondrial DNA analysis of Ikonnikov’s whiskered bat (Myotis ikonnikovi—Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soyeon Park ◽  
Pureum Noh ◽  
Yu-Seong Choi ◽  
Sungbae Joo ◽  
Gilsang Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Maternal Lineage ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Analysis

Abstract Background Ikonnikov’s whiskered bat (Myotis ikonnikovi) is found throughout the Korean Peninsula, as well as in Kazakhstan, Russia, Mongolia, China, and Japan. It is small-sized and primarily inhabits old-growth forests. The decrease and fragmentation of habitats due to increased human activity may influence the genetic structure of bat populations. This study was designed to elucidate the population genetic structure of M. ikonnikovi using mitochondrial genes (cytochrome oxidase I and cytochrome b). Results The results showed that M. ikonnikovi populations from Korea have high genetic diversity. Although genetic differentiation was not detected for the COI gene, strong genetic differentiation of the Cytb gene between Mt. Jeombong and Mt. Jiri populations was observed. Moreover, the results indicated that the gene flow of the maternal lineage may be limited. Conclusions This study is the first to identify the genetic population structure of M. ikonnikovi. We suggest that conservation of local populations is important for sustaining the genetic diversity of the bat, and comprehensive studies on factors causing habitat fragmentation are required.

High genetic diversity in a clonal relict Alexgeorgea nitens (Restionaceae): implications for ecological restoration

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Sinclair ◽  
Siegfried Krauss ◽  
Belinda Cheetham ◽  
Richard Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Life History ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
High Genetic Diversity

The importance of genetic issues associated with the sourcing of propagules is increasingly recognised for successful ecological restoration. A consideration of life history traits has contributed to ‘best-guess’ scenarios on the appropriate location and desirable properties of local provenance source populations, but these can lack precision. For clonal species, population genetic structure and variation will depend on the balance between the extent and growth rate of asexual clones, sexual reproduction, pollen dispersal, and subsequent seed dispersal and recruitment. We assessed patterns of population genetic structure and variation for Alexgeorgea nitens (Nees) L. Johnston & B. Briggs (Restionaceae), a dioecious, clonal, perennial species, with novel life history traits. Our results show high levels of genetic diversity within populations, and surprisingly low levels of population differentiation (ΦST = 0.17). We suggest that the high genetic diversity observed within these populations reflects extensive pollen dispersal and successful seeding (sexual reproduction) and recruitment events, even though direct observations of seedling recruitment are rare. In this case, a ‘best-guess’ propagule-sourcing scenario based on life-history traits that appear to limit dispersal capability does not predict the extent of high local genetic diversity and weak population genetic structure in A. nitens.

Population genetic structure and dispersal of Pinus occidentalis in the Dominican Republic by chloroplastic SSR with implications for its conservation, management, and reforestation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis E. Rodríguez de Francisco ◽  
Rosanna Carreras-De León ◽  
Rafael M. Navarro Cerrillo ◽  
Liz A. Paulino-Gervacio ◽  
María-Dolores Rey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pinus Occidentalis

<i>Pinus occidentalis</i> is the dominant species of forest ecosystems in the Dominican Republic, located between 200 and 3000 meters above sea level, with extensive and overexploited natural populations. However, over the years, various restoration plans have been performed, which could affect the genetic structure of <i>P. occidentalis</i>. Despite being the species with the highest occurrence in the Dominican forests, there is no existing information on genetic structure and molecular characterization among natural populations with limited information on both phenological and productive characterization. In this study, the genetic structure, diversity, and gene flow of the five <i>P. occidentalis</i> natural populations of the Dominican Republic were determined using microsatellite markers. A total of 145 individuals were genotyped with eight polymorphic chloroplastic microsatellites, producing an average of 41 haplotypes with high genetic diversity across populations (H<sub>E</sub> = 0.90). Significant population genetic structure was found between populations (F<sub>ST</sub> = 0.123). These results reflect the impact of reforestation programs on natural populations and diluting the natural genetic signature. Analysis of population genetic data is, therefore, crucial for the breeding and conservation programs of <i>P. occidentalis</i> in the country.

scholarly journals Genomic epidemiology ofMycobacterium bovisinfection in sympatric badger and cattle populations in Northern Ireland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assel Akhmetova ◽  
Jimena Guerrero ◽  
Paul McAdam ◽  
Liliana C.M. Salvador ◽  
Joseph Crispell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Disease Persistence

AbstractBackgroundBovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a costly epidemiologically complex, multi-host, endemic disease. Lack of understanding of transmission dynamics may undermine eradication efforts. Pathogen whole genome sequencing improves epidemiological inferences, providing a means to determine the relative importance of inter- and intra- species host transmission for disease persistence. We sequenced an exceptional data set of 619Mycobacterium bovisisolates from badgers and cattle in a 100km2bTB ‘hotspot’ in Northern Ireland. Historical molecular subtyping data permitted the targeting of an endemic pathogen lineage, whose long-term persistence provided a unique opportunity to study disease transmission dynamics in unparalleled detail. Additionally, to assess whether badger population genetic structure was associated with the spatial distribution of pathogen genetic diversity, we microsatellite genotyped hair samples from 769 badgers trapped in this area.ResultsGraph transmission tree methods and structured coalescent analyses indicated the majority of bacterial diversity was found in the local cattle population. Results pointed to transmission from cattle to badger being more common than badger to cattle. Furthermore, the presence of significant badger population genetic structure in the landscape was not associated with the spatial distribution ofM. bovisgenetic diversity, suggesting that badger-to-badger transmission may not be a key determinant of disease persistence.SignificanceOur data were consistent with badgers playing a smaller role in the maintenance ofM. bovisinfection in this study site, compared to cattle. Comparison to other areas suggests thatM. bovistransmission dynamics are likely to be context dependent, and the role of wildlife difficult to generalise.

scholarly journals Diverging Genetic Structure of Coexisting Populations of the Black Storm-Petrel and the Least Storm-Petrel in the Gulf of California

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 194008292094917
Author(s):  
Misael D. Mancilla-Morales ◽  
Santiago Romero-Fernández ◽  
Araceli Contreras-Rodríguez ◽  
José J. Flores-Martínez ◽  
Víctor Sánchez-Cordero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Mate Selection ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Storm Petrel

Estimations on the influence of evolutionary and ecological forces as drivers of population gene diversity and genetic structure have been performed on a growing number of colonial seabirds, but many remain poorly studied. In particular, the population genetic structure of storm-petrels (Hydrobatidae) has been evaluated in only a few of the 24 recognized species. We assessed the genetic diversity and population structure of the Black Storm-Petrel ( Hydrobates melania) and the Least Storm-Petrel ( Hydrobates microsoma) in the Gulf of California. The two species were selected because they are pelagic seabirds with comparable ecological traits and breeding grounds. Recent threats such as introduced species of predators and human disturbance have resulted in a decline of many insular vertebrate populations in this region and affected many different aspects of their life histories (ranging from reproductive success to mate selection), with a concomitant loss of genetic diversity. To elucidate to what extent the population genetic structure occurs in H. melania and H. microsoma, we used 719 base pairs from the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit I gene. The evaluation of their molecular diversity, genetic structure, and gene flow were performed through diversity indices, analyses of molecular and spatial variance, and isolation by distance (IBD) across sampling sites, respectively. The population genetic structure (via AMOVA and SAMOVA) and isolation by distance (pairwise p-distances and FST/1– FST (using ΦST) were inferred for H. microsoma. However, for H. melania evidence was inconclusive. We discuss explanations leading to divergent population genetic structure signatures in these species, and the consequences for their conservation.

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