Phylogenetic status and diet of red fox (Vulpes vulpes griffithii) inhabiting Ayubia National Park, Pakistan

The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a medium-sized carnivore that occurs in different regions of Pakistan, however, still lacks scientific data on its ecology and distribution. The current study investigated the phylogenetic status and diet of the red fox (V.v. griffithii) occurring in Ayubia National Park, Pakistan. Through camera trapping and molecular analysis, we confirmed the occurrence of red fox in the study area. Based on mitochondrial cytochrome B (304 bp) and limited sampling, nearly all red foxes of Ayubia National Park and surrounding Himalayan ranges fall within Holarctic maternal lineage, whereas red foxes found in plains of Pakistan are part of the basal Palearctic maternal lineage. Using 32 scats, we found that red fox diet comprises of 80% animal-based prey species (both wild and domestic) and 19% plant matter. The wild animal prey species included Cape hare (Lepus capensis) and flying squirrel (Pteromyini sp.), which constituted 17% and 15% of diet, respectively. Red foxes infrequently consumed House mouse (Mus musculus), Himalayan Palm civet (Paguma larvata) and sheep (Ovis aries), each comprising around 6% to 9% of red fox diet. The fox species also scavenged on domestic donkey opportunistically. Based on our sampling, our study suggests that the red fox (V.v. griffithii) that occurs in Ayubia National Park and across the lesser Himalayan ranges belongs to Holarctic maternal lineage. The study also highlights consumption of plant seeds by red foxes, indicating it may play an important ecological role in seed dispersal in Ayubia National Park.

Mourning the Mamalith

Mourning the Mamalith: A Graphic Response to GriefOn February 17, 2021, my mother, Ingrid Margarethe Phyllis Gertrud von Reitzenstein Claussner, falls and breaks her neck while doing what she loves most: going to church. "Jesus is the most important person in my life," she once told me. Always subordinate to her divine love affair, my mortal relationship with her was complicated. At key moments throughout my life, starting in infancy when I needed her care and protection most, she was absent. Due to my mother's early childhood trauma, she was unable to get too close to anyone, even to me, her only child. Jesus was her answer to every question, no matter what the question. This level of devotion to an invisible entity was incomprehensible to me, but I loved my mother with every ounce of my being. On February 18, 2021, Gracie is born on a ranch in Nebraska. Her mother dies shortly after giving birth—not from complications of having puppies, but from eating part of a towel. On February 19, 2021, my mother dies in the hospital in Tucson, Arizona.On May 1, 2021, my wife and I drive to Nebraska to pick up Gracie the boxer puppy. She is ten weeks old but still just a teeny five-pound runt. She grows very quickly and continues to thrive. Nevertheless, I have recurring panic attacks at night in response to dreams and spontaneous mental images of Gracie's tiny, vulnerable body. I can't shake the feeling that something might happen to her, and that I may not be able to protect her.In early June, the morning after another night of anxiety and insomnia, I tearfully call my wise therapist friend, Leslie. She tells me that when one's mother dies, part of the grieving process requires that one re-experience every fraught moment and emotion: "You are healing not just your own relationship with your mother, but you are healing your entire maternal lineage. You must relive everything on a deeper level now, even if you've already worked through these feelings before." I realize that my nightly anxiety attacks aren't really about Gracie, but about my own vulnerability when I was an infant. I am re-experiencing those early moments through my visceral connection with this tiny mammal who depends on me. This short comic looks at the mysterious connection between processing childhood vulnerability and trauma, more-than-human and human interdependence, and psychosomatic healing. As I've done in some of my previous work, by materializing thoughts as drawn and written sequential vignettes, I hope to gain and share insight about the mysterious dynamics of embodied cognition.

Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup study: residents of Sulaymaniyah city in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region may be genetically closer to European lineage

Background Being the native inhabitants of the Neolithic Fertile Crescent, Kurds were included in several maternal lineage studies concerning the Eurasian population. However, no study was performed on the Kurdish population of Sulaymaniyah city (latitude 33.314690 and longitude 44.376759). This study was carried out on a sample of Sorani Kurds living in Sulaymaniyah for the identification of population-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and modes of maternal lineage. Results In this study, 36 randomly selected healthy unrelated Kurdish subjects were enrolled. Whole mitochondrial DNA sequencing was performed. HaploGrep 2.0 and neutrality test (Tajima’s D) were employed for haplogroup identification and historical demography determination. When the outcomes were compared with previous studies in Kurds and the neighbouring nations, the identified haplogroups in the sample of study were members of the Western Eurasian haplogroups with a predominance of haplogroup H. Conclusions The whole mitochondrial DNA sequence is superior to the traditional analysis of the non-coding (control) region. Our study indicates a stronger relation of the studied group to the European lineage than to their neighbouring nations.

Ekspresi Wajah Manusia dalam Menanggapi Kehidupan Sebagai Ide Pada Penciptaan Karya Seni Grafis

This work is titled ‘Human Face Expressions in Responding to Life as an Idea on the Creation of Graphic Art Work’. Facial expressions that arise from a person, originated from the interaction of what he sees and what is stored in his mind. In the work that is made, the visual expression of the human face drawn is more focused on Ninik Mamak. Ninik Mamak or better known as the headman is the adat leader (functional adat) in Minangkabau. Ninik Mamak's position is as a holder of sako datuk (datuak) for generations according to maternal lineage in the matrilineal system. The creator chose ninik mamak as an object on the theme raised. The work created is the result of borrowing figures from a number of ninik mamak faces in Minangkabau. Ninik mamak or better known by the name of the ruler is the traditional leader in Minangkabau. Mamin ninik's position as holder of sako datuk (datuak) is hereditary according to maternal lineage in the matrilineal system. Facial expressions born from mamak ninik will later create a response when facing a social conflict that occurs in life. Where culture and customs in Minangkabau began to erode by the development of modern times. This is aimed at introspection and awareness to the public of negative social behavior through mamak ninik's facial expressions and figures in Minangkabau. Cultivation of graphic art created using hardboard cut, hand coloring, and mixed media techniques.

Limpapeh Pada Baju Kuruang Basiba

<p class="SammaryHeader" align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>Limpapeh or Attacus atlas is a large butterfly with a wingspan wide, which has a reddish brown color and decorated with a bit of white color. Limpapeh usialy found in houses, buildings, on trees, leaves and flowers that blooming. For the people of Minangkabau, limpapeh is the designation for Minangkabau women who have grown up and will be the responsible for maintaining the lineage of the future, based on the maternal lineage will become residents in the house. The form of limpapeh in the creation of this Artwork is such a motif that is found on kuruang basiba clothes, kuruang bsiba clothes is basically a women Minangkabau clothes, that has a characteristic on the side of the shirt called siba and kikik. The presence of limpapeh wings shape on the chest, arms and subordinate makes the clothes more interesting.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords :</em></strong><em> Limpapeh, Clothes Kuruang Basiba</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p align="center"><strong><em>Abstrak <br /></em></strong></p><p><em>Limpapeh atau attacus atlas merupakan kupu-kupu besar dengan bentangan sayap yang luas, yang memiliki warna coklat kemerahan dan dihiasi sedikit warna putih. Kebiasaan limpapeh hinggap pada rumah, bangunan, pepohonan, dedaunan dan bunga yang sedang bermekaran. Bagi masyarakat minangkabau limpapeh adalah sebutan untuk perempuan Minangkabau yang sudah beranjak dewasa yang bertanggung jawab menjaga garis keturunan berikutnya, berdasarkan garis keturunan ibu yang akan menjadi penghuni dalam rumah gadang. Bentuk limpapeh dalam penciptaan karya ini adalah sebagai motif dari baju kuruang basiba, baju kuruang basiba merupakan pakaian perempuan Minangkabau yang mempunyai ciri khas yaitu pada bagian samping baju terdapatnyasiba dan kikik. Bentuk sayap limpapeh yang terdapat pada bagian dada, lengan dan bawahan baju serta bentuk limpapeh yang berbentuk utuh yang berterbangan sehingga membuat baju kuruang basiba, ini lebih menarik</em></p><p><strong><em>Kata kunci : </em></strong><em>Limpapeh, Baju Kuruang Basiba</em></p>

Phylogenetic Study of Madura Cattle Based on Mitochondrial Cyt b and D-loop Sequences

Madura Cattle is one breed of local cattle from Indonesia. Madura cattle are estimated to originate from a crossbreeding between Bos indicus and Bos javanicus. Another presumption is that Madura cattle are the result of a crossbreeding between B. indicus males and mixed B. javanicus or Bos taurus. Tracing the history of Madura cross and another cattle phylogenetic based on maternal lineage can be done by analyzing the variation of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). The purpose of this study was to determine the clarity of the origin of Madura cattle based on maternal lineage using mtDNA markers Cyt b and D-loop. This research is expected to provide genetic information and the origin of Madura cattle, so that it can be used to help improve the breeding and conservation program for Madura cattle. The results of the phylogeny tree reconstruction, using the Cyt b and D-loop genes showed that Madura cattle originated from Sampang region (Polagan, Golbung, and Komis) were grouped into two types of maternal origin. Madura cattle clade I are grouped with B. indicus and B. taurus, while Madura cattle clade II are grouped with B. javanicus. A crossbreeding between B. javanicus and B. indicus is estimated to have been carried out since the entry of Hindu culture brought by the India peoples to Indonesia around 1800 years ago. The crossing between B. javanicus and B. indicus was then more intensively carried out at the time of the government's promoting the development of Ongol cattles (B. indicus) in the days of the Dutch East Indies. The length segment of Cyt b that can be amplified is 230 bp and the D-loop segment of varying length, 577 bp for the Madura 41 and 29 samples, and 624 bp for sample 32.