Home range and space use by African elephants ( Loxodonta africana ) in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liberty Mlambo ◽  
Munyaradzi Davis Shekede ◽  
Elhadi Adam ◽  
John Odindi ◽  
Amon Murwira
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
National Park ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Loxodonta Africana ◽  
African Elephants ◽  
Hwange National Park

scholarly journals Home range sizes and space use of African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in the Southern Kenya and Northern Tanzania borderland landscape

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngene Shadrack ◽  
Makonjio Okello Moses ◽  
Mukeka Joseph ◽  
Muya Shadrack ◽  
Njumbi Steve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Loxodonta Africana ◽  
African Elephants ◽  
Northern Tanzania

Spatial relationship between elephant and sodium concentration of water disappears as density increases in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Chamaillé-Jammes ◽  
Hervé Fritz ◽  
Ricardo M. Holdo
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
African Elephants ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Savanna Vegetation ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Elephant Population ◽  
Hwange National Park ◽  
Nutrient Selection

African elephants Loxodonta africana (Blumenbach) may profoundly affect vegetation and associated animal bio-diversity in savannas (Conybeare 2004, Skarpe et al. 2004). Understanding the patterns of habitat use by elephants is crucial to predict their impacts on ecosystems (Ben-Shahar 1993, Nelleman et al. 2002), particularly now that many populations are recovering from past culling events or poaching outbreaks (Blanc et al. 2007). Surface water is one of the major constraints on elephant distribution (Chamaillé-Jammes et al. 2007, Stokke & du Toit 2002), and accordingly, elephant impacts are higher in the vicinity of water (Ben-Shahar 1993, de Beer et al. 2006). However, waterhole selection by elephant remains poorly understood. Weir (1972) showed in Hwange National Park (hereafter Hwange NP), Zimbabwe, that elephant numbers at waterholes over 24 h increased with the sodium concentration of water on nutrient-poor Kalahari sands. His work has become widely cited in elephant studies as it remains the only one, to the best of our knowledge, to have studied elephant use of waterholes in relation to the mineral concentration of water. Weir's work, however, took place when elephant densities in Hwange NP were low, likely below 0.5 elephants km−2 as estimated by aerial censuses (Williamson 1975). Since then, the elephant population has increased dramatically, particularly since the halt to culling operations in 1986 (Chamaillé-Jammes 2006, Cumming 1981). The present elephant density is much higher, estimated to be over 2 elephants km−2 (Chamaillé-Jammes et al. 2007, in press), and is one of the highest in the world (Blanc et al. 2007). Increased density may modify ecological constraints and affect the hierarchy of habitat selection processes (Morris 2003), and the extent to which water-nutrient selection still constrains elephant distribution at high population density – when their impact on savanna vegetation is the highest – remains unknown.

Seroprevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Free-Ranging African Elephants (Loxodonta africana) in Kruger National Park, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya J. Kerr ◽  
Candice R. de Waal ◽  
Peter E. Buss ◽  
Jennifer Hofmeyr ◽  
Konstantin P. Lyashchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
National Park ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Loxodonta Africana ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
African Elephants ◽  
Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Free Ranging

scholarly journals Panic at the disco: solar-powered strobe light barriers reduce field incursion by African elephants Loxodonta africana in Chobe District, Botswana

Oryx ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Tempe S. F. Adams ◽  
Isaiah Mwezi ◽  
Neil R. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
National Park ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Loxodonta Africana ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
African Elephants ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Strobe Light ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
African Lions

Abstract Managing interactions between humans and wild elephants is a complex problem that is increasing as a result of agricultural and urban expansion into and alongside protected areas. Mitigating negative interactions requires the development of new tools to reduce competition and promote coexistence. Many studies have tested various mitigation techniques across elephant ranges in Africa and Asia, with varying levels of success. Recently, strobe lights have been suggested as a potential mitigation strategy in deterring African lions Panthera leo from kraals or bomas, but this technique has to date not been tested to reduce negative human–elephant interactions. Over a 2-year period (November 2016–June 2018), we tested the effectiveness of solar-powered strobe light barriers in deterring African elephants Loxodonta africana, in collaboration with 18 farmers in a community adjacent to the Chobe Forest Reserve and Chobe National Park in northern Botswana. Although elephants were more likely to pass by fields with solar-powered strobe light barriers (which was probably a result of selection bias as we focused on fields that had previously been damaged by elephants), they were less likely to enter these treatment fields than control fields without such barriers. Our findings demonstrate the efficacy of light barriers to reduce negative human–elephant interactions in rural communities.

scholarly journals Distribution and status of the African elephant Loxodonta africana in South Africa, 1652-1992

Koedoe ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Hall-Martin
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
National Park ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Loxodonta Africana ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
African Elephants ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Elephant Population ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Consequent Increase

The historical decline of African elephants to a low of 120 animals in 1920, and their subsequent recovery to over 10 000 is described for the major populations of South Africa. Population growth rates of 6,8 and 6,7 per annum are derived from census and estimates for the Kruger National Park and the Addo Elephant National Park respectively. The reasons for elephant population control in the Kruger National Park, and the impact of elephants on both the Kruger and Addo environments, are discussed. The translocation of young elephants to found new populations is mentioned. The consequent increase of elephant range and numbers in the next decade to a possible maximum of 31 000 km2 and 13 000 animals, is envisaged.

scholarly journals Rapid population growth in an elephant Loxodonta africana population recovering from poaching in Tarangire National Park, Tanzania

Oryx ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. H. Foley ◽  
Lisa J. Faust
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
National Park ◽  
Loxodonta Africana ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
African Elephants ◽  
Tarangire National Park ◽  
Maximal Growth Rate ◽  
The Right ◽  
Annual Mortality

AbstractWe studied the demography of a subpopulation of African elephants Loxodonta africana in Tarangire National Park, Tanzania, from 1993 to 2005. The Tarangire elephants had been affected by heavy poaching prior to 1993. We monitored 668 individually known elephants in 27 family groups. The population increased from 226 to 498 individuals, with mean group size increasing from 8.4 to 18.3. The average annual growth rate was 7.1% (range 2.0–16.9%). This approaches the maximal growth rate for African elephants, with corresponding minimal values for demographic parameters. The mean interbirth interval was 3.3 years, mean age of first reproduction 11.1 years, average annual mortality of elephants younger than 8 years 3%, and average annual mortality of adult females 1%. Probability of conceiving was positively correlated with annual rainfall. No significant density-dependent effects were recorded. Rapid growth was aided by high rainfall, low population density and release from the stresses of poaching. These results demonstrate that elephant populations are capable of rapid population increases for extended periods of time given the right ecological and social conditions. This has consequences for elephant conservation and management.

Preliminary observations of elephant ( Loxodonta africana , Blumenbach) movements and home range in Zakouma National Park, Chad

2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 594-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Dolmia ◽  
C. Calenge ◽  
D. Maillard ◽  
H. Planton
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
National Park ◽  
Loxodonta Africana
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