scholarly journals Upper and lower airway remodelling mechanisms in asthma, allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis: The one airway concept revisited

Allergy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 993-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Samitas ◽  
A. Carter ◽  
H. H. Kariyawasam ◽  
G. Xanthou
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Airway Remodelling ◽  
The One ◽  
One Airway

Radon-enriched hot spring water therapy for upper and lower respiratory tract inflammation

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiderio Passali ◽  
Giacomo Gabelli ◽  
Giulio Cesare Passali ◽  
Ralph Mösges ◽  
Luisa Maria Bellussi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Inhalation Therapy ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Inflammation

Background Radon-222-enriched hot spring therapy, which is characterized by a safe level of radioactivity, is used for the treatment of rheumatic disorders, and its efficacy has already been studied in several clinical trials. Radon-water inhalation therapy for the treatment of upper and lower airway inflammatory diseases is used in many hot springs centers. However, its application has not been reviewed to date. Methods We systematically searched the PubMed and Scopus databases for clinical trials published in the last 20 years in which objective parameters of upper and lower airway function had been tested before and after radon-enriched inhalation treatment. Results Four prospective studies were found: 1 asthma trial, 1 placebo-controlled chronic rhinosinusitis trial, 1 upper respiratory tract inflammation with nasal obstruction trial, and 1 case-control allergic rhinitis trial. Patients were treated with nasal inhalations of radon-enriched water for 12 to 28 days and were assessed at baseline and after therapy. After 2 weeks of treatment, nasal resistance decreased, flow increased, mucociliary clearance was enhanced, ciliated-to-muciparous cell ratio increased, and %FEV1 increased in asthmatic patients. Conclusion Radon-enriched inhalation therapy improves objective indicators of nasal function in allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis, and causes relief of pulmonary obstruction in asthma.

scholarly journals Clara cell protein 16 release from the nasal mucosa in allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, and exposure to air pollutants

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Perić ◽  
Cveta Špadijer Mirković ◽  
Danilo Vojvodić
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Clara Cell ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Clara Cells ◽  
Corticosteroid Administration ◽  
Clara Cell Protein

AbstractClara cell protein 16 (CC16) is a small protein mainly produced by non-ciliated Clara cells in the respiratory epithelium. It has an anti-inflammatory role in chronic upper and lower airway eosinophilic inflammations. Decreased levels of CC16 are found in the nasal secretions and plasma of patients with chronic eosinophilic inflammatory disorders, such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps, as well as in people exposed to high levels of air pollutants. Intranasal corticosteroid administration suppresses chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa driven by eosinophils and stimulates local CC16 production. CC16 can be a reliable biomarker of the beneficial effects of perennial allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis therapy and of the functional recovery of the nasal mucosa after treatment with topical glucocorticoids.

Allergic Rhinitis and Chronic Rhinosinusitis

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-31
Author(s):  
Samuel N. Helman ◽  
Thomas S. Edwards ◽  
John M. DelGaudio ◽  
Sarah K. Wise
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Role of Superantigens in Allergic Inflammation: Their Relationship to Allergic Rhinitis, Chronic Rhinosinusitis, Asthma, and Atopic Dermatitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 502-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuray Bayar Muluk ◽  
Fazilet Altın ◽  
Cemal Cingi
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Allergic Dermatitis

Objectives Our intention was to review all material published to date regarding superantigens (SAgs) and allergy from an otorhinolaryngological viewpoint to understand this association more clearly. Methods We identified all materials published mentioning both SAg and allergic rhinitis (AR), chronic sinusitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis (AD) that are indexed on PubMed, Google, or the ProQuest Central databases. Results Staphylococcus aureus is a significant bacterial pathogen in humans and has the ability to produce enterotoxins with superantigenic features. The inflammatory response in allergy seen in both B cell and T cell may be attributed to SAgs. Sufferers of both allergic asthma with rhinitis and AR alone produce serological evidence of immunoglobulin E formation to SAgs produced by S. aureus. Perennial AR sufferers carry S. aureus more frequently and the presence of the organism within the nasal cavity may exacerbate perennial AR. SAg produced by S. aureus potentially worsens the asthmatic inflammatory response within the airway and may lead to the airways becoming hyperresponsive, as well as possibly activating T cells if asthmatic control is poor. Staphylococcal SAgs potentially increase the risk of developing chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis, additionally being a marker for more severe disease. If SAgs bring about chronic inflammatory responses in the nose and sinuses, then T cells excreting interferon-gamma may be a crucial mediator. In allergic dermatitis, S. aureus could be a key player in exacerbation of the condition. Even in younger pediatric patients with allergic dermatitis, allergic hypersensitivity to SAgs is frequent and may be a factor explaining how severe the condition becomes. Conclusion Just as SAgs are known to feature in many allergic conditions, they play their part in AR, chronic rhinosinusitis, asthma, and AD. Further research is required before the relationship between SAgs and allergy can be adequately explained.

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