scholarly journals LA‐ICP‐MS analysis of Late Bronze Age blue glass beads from Gurob, Egypt

Archaeometry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kemp ◽  
A. McDonald ◽  
F. Brock ◽  
A. J. Shortland
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Blue Glass ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Icp Ms

Middle Bronze Age Long Distance Exchange through Europe and Beyond

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-274
Author(s):  
Flemming Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
The South ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Blue Glass ◽  
The North ◽  
Southern Scandinavia ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract The introduction of the folding stool and the single-edged razor into Southern Scandinavia, as well as the testimony of chariot use during the Nordic Bronze Age Period II (1500-1300 BC), give evidence of the transfer of ideas from the Mediterranean to the North. Recent analyses of the chemical composition of blue glass beads from well-dated Danish Bronze Age burials have revealed evidence for the opening of long distance exchange routes around 1400 BC between Egypt, Mesopotamia and South Scandinavia. When including comparative material from glass workshops in Egypt and finds of glass from Mesopotamia, it becomes clear that glass from those distant lands reached Scandinavia. The routes of exchange can be traced through Europe based on finds of amber from the North and glass from the South.

scholarly journals Study on Western Asiatic cast ribbed rectangular beads from Kaman-Kalehöyük, Turkey, by using portable X-ray fluorescence

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Izumi Nakai ◽  
Kriengkamol Tantrakarn ◽  
Yoshinari Abe ◽  
Sachihiro Omura
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Ancient Trade ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Material Evidence ◽  
Excavation Site ◽  
Plant Ash ◽  
Xrf Analyses

In this article we report a comparative study on excavated objects and artifact from museums to reveal an aspect of ancient trade. The target artifact is Western Asiatic cast ribbed rectangular beads excavated from an architectural remain at Kaman-Kalehöyük, Turkey. Blue glass beads of this type have been excavated in Western Asia from north Iran and Iraq to the Syro-Palestinian coast from second half of 16th to 14th century BC. The analysis of the samples was carried out by using a portable Xray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer developed by us. The instrument was brought to the excavation site in Turkey as well as to the museums to analyse typologically similar glass beads from the collection of Okayama Orient Museum and MIHO MUSEUM in Japan, for comparison. Our XRF analyses suggested that all analysed glass artifacts are plant ash sodalime silica glass with 2-4 wt% magnesium and potassium. The three glass beads exhibited similar compositional characteristic, i.e. they contain Sb, Pb, Fe, Cu and Sr in similar quantities. A typological and principal component analysis comparison of the glass beads unearthed from Kaman- Kalehöyük site with those of the museums and literature data support that they should have a similar origin. In addition, archaeological context of the glass from Kaman-Kalehöyük also supports that the artifact belongs to the Middle-Late Bronze Age (16th to 15th centuries BC). This is the first scientific material evidence that shows the possibility of a cultural flow from Mesopotamia region to Kaman-Kalehöyük during Middle- Late Bronze Age.

Between Egypt, Mesopotamia and Scandinavia: Late Bronze Age glass beads found in Denmark

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 168-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanette Varberg ◽  
Bernard Gratuze ◽  
Flemming Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Late Bronze Age

LA-ICP-MS analysis of natural rock samples using XRF glass beads

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngwoo Kil ◽  
Haemyeong Jung
Keyword(s):  
Glass Beads ◽  
Rock Samples ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Natural Rock ◽  
Icp Ms

scholarly journals An Archaeometallurgical Explanation for the Disappearance of Egyptian and Near Eastern Cobalt-Blue Glass at the end of the Late Bronze Age

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Wood ◽  
Yi-Ting Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Glass Production ◽  
Glass Frit ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Western Desert ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
Blue Glass ◽  
Native Silver ◽  
Cobalt Blue

A recent compositional study of Egyptian cobalt-blue glass from museum collections in Japan (18th Dynasty) and from the site of Dahshur (18th and 19th-20th Dynasties) concluded that a new source of cobalt was exploited for the later Dahshur glass, thereby suggesting that glass production continued into the Ramesside period (Abe et al. 2012). It is shown in the current article that some of this 18th Dynasty glass and the majority of the 19th-20th Dynasty glass had been recycled, not only supporting the general consensus that glass production virtually disappeared by 1250 BC, but that the cobalt source did not necessarily change. It is further proposed, however, that the generally accepted cobalt source for Egyptian glass was not the alum deposits of Egypt's Western Desert, but derived from cobaltiferous siliceous ores, possibly from central Iran. Re-analysis of the compositions of cobalt-blue glass frit found at Amarna, as well as Egyptian and Mesopotamian glass, suggests that the cobalt colourant was a by-product of silver extraction from these ores and can therefore be considered as a concentrated cobalt glass slag, which travelled in the form of a frit to glass producers who added it to locally derived base glasses and/or their precursors. Experiments conducted on ore containing cobalt-nickel arsenides with native silver demonstrate that not only can silver be extracted and that concentrated cobalt glass can be produced simply by adding a flux, but that some components of the ore partition preferentially into the silver or the glass slag, thereby weakening their associations with the other components in archaeological glass. Treating the cobalt-blue colourant as a slag composed of the gangue of a smelting system provides an explanation for the unique elevated levels of alumina and lower levels of potash found in cobalt-blue glasses, as well as providing an explanation for the cessation of cobalt exploitation at the end of the Late Bronze Age. It is suggested that the exhaustion of native silver and siliceous silver ore deposits during the Bronze Age, with argentiferous lead ores becoming the main source of silver, depleted the amount of cobalt available, thereby reducing the amount of glass produced which, in turn, led to increases in recycling during the New Kingdom period.

LA-ICP-MS analysis of African glass beads: Laboratory inter-comparison with an emphasis on the impact of corrosion on data interpretation

2009 ◽  
Vol 284 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 152-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laure Dussubieux ◽  
Peter Robertshaw ◽  
Micheal D. Glascock
Keyword(s):  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The technology, trade, and degradation pathologies of late bronze age vitreous materials in the Eastern Mediterranean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Βανέσσα Μούρος
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Icp Ms

Οι αρχαιομετρικές μελέτες για τα υαλώδη αντικείμενα της Ύστερης Εποχής του Χαλκού μπορούν να παρέχουν σημαντικές πληροφορίες για τις πρώτες ύλες και τις μεθόδους παραγωγής που χρησιμοποιούνται για την κατασκευή αυτών των τεχνουργημάτων, προσφέροντας παράλληλα εικόνα για την προέλευση αυτού του ιδιαίτερου υλικού. Παρόλο που έχει σημειωθεί αύξηση στον αριθμό των αναλύσεων γυαλιού και ευρημάτων από αυτήν την περίοδο, το μεγαλύτερο μέρος της έρευνας επικεντρώθηκε στην Αίγυπτο, την Εγγύς Ανατολή και τη Μυκηναϊκή Ελλάδα λόγω της σημαντικότας των αναφερόμενων περιοχών. Η διατριβή επικεντρώνεται σε χάντρες που έχουν ανασκαφεί από την Αρχαία Μεθώνη (βόρεια Ελλάδα), την Κεφαλονιά (δυτική Ελλάδα) και το Lofkënd (νοτιοδυτική Αλβανία) με σκοπό την διερεύνηση της τεχνολογίας και την προέλευσής τους και σε συσχέτιση με τις αναφερόμεςνες περιοχές. Οι αναλυτικές τεχνικές pXRF, EPMA, LA-ICP-MS, SEM-EDS, XRD καθώς και οι ισοτοπικές αναλύσεις παρέχουν πληροφορίες οι οποίες γενικά υποδηλώνουν ότι η πλειονότητα των γυάλινων σφαιριδίων και των φαγεντιανών χαντρών κατασκευάστηκαν σε πρωτογενείς εγκαταστάσεις παραγωγής στην Αίγυπτο και την Εγγύς Ανατολή. Τα αποτελέσματα αποκάλυψαν επίσης περιφερειακές διαφορές στους τύπους σφαιριδίων και στις τεχνολογίες γυαλιού, καθώς και την διακίνηση προϊόντων από διαφορετικές ζώνες παραγωγής, πλέον των αναφερόμενων.Τα υαλώδη δείγματα από την Κεφαλονιά υποδηλώνουν ότι επηρεάστηκαν σε μεγάλο βαθμό από άλλες μυκηναϊκές περιοχές της ηπειρωτικής χώρας. Ωστόσο, βρέθηκαν μοναδικοί τύποι ανάγλυφων σφαιριδίων που έχουν κατασκευαστεί από γυαλί αιγυπτιακής προέλευσης. Η ταυτοποίηση του μικτού αλκαλικού γυαλιού παρέχει ένα άλλο πρώιμο παράδειγμα αυτού του τύπου σύνθεσης που κατασκευάζεται σε κέντρα πρωτογενούς παραγωγής που βρίσκονται στη Δύση. Η Αρχαία Μεθώνη και το Lofkënd χαρακτηρίζονται από συλλογές γυαλιού με λιγότερο κοινή χρωματική παλέτα καθώς και τεχνολογία παραγωγής. Στην περίπτωση του Lofkënd, τα γυαλιά που αναλύθηκαν δείχνουν μια σύνθεση που δεν απαντάται στην Ύστερη Εποχή του Χαλκού αλλά είναι συγκρίσιμη με άλλες συλλογές με χαμηλό ασβέστιο καθώς και μαύρα γυαλιά από νάτρο που βρέθηκαν στην Ευρώπη και την Εγγύς Ανατολή από τον 10ο-8ο αι. π.Χ. Το Lofkënd εντοπίζει την περιφερειακή καινοτομία στην τεχνολογία γυαλιού και σε μια πιθανή νέα ζώνη παραγωγής που μπορεί να περιλαμβάνει πολύ πρώιμο πειραματισμό με μια άγνωστη πηγή ορυκτών αλκαλίων.Η διατριβή διερευνά επίσης την παθολογία διάβρωσης που εντοπίζεται στο υλικό της μελέτης και προσπαθεί να αποτυπώσει τους μηχανισμούς εξαλλοίωσης. Η εξέταση και ανάλυση των σφαιριδίων δείχνει ότι πολυπαραμετρικές διαδικασίες, οι οποίες περιλαμβάνουν το περιβάλλον ταφής, την παρουσία μικροοργανισμών και τη σύνθεση του γυαλιού, δρουν συνδυαστικά και επηρεάζουν την κατάσταση διατήρησης των αρχαιολογικών υαλωδών υλικών.

The Concept of Palestine: The Conception Of Palestine from the Late Bronze Age to the Modern Period

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Masalha
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Political Geography ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Collective Consciousness ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Master Narratives ◽  
The Bible ◽  
School History

The Concept of Palestine is deeply rooted in the collective consciousness of the indigenous people of Palestine and the multicultural ancient past. The name Palestine is the most commonly used from the Late Bronze Age (from 1300 BCE) onwards. The name Palestine is evident in countless histories, inscriptions, maps and coins from antiquity, medieval and modern Palestine. From the Late Bronze Age onwards the names used for the region, such as Djahi, Retenu and Cana'an, all gave way to the name Palestine. Throughout Classical Antiquity the name Palestine remained the most common and during the Roman, Byzantine and Islamic periods the concept and political geography of Palestine acquired official administrative status. This article sets out to explain the historical origins of the concept of Palestine and the evolving political geography of the country. It will seek to demonstrate how the name ‘Palestine’ (rather than the term ‘Cana'an’) was most commonly and formally used in ancient history. It argues that the legend of the ‘Israelites’ conquest of Cana'an’ and other master narratives of the Bible evolved across many centuries; they are myth-narratives, not evidence-based accurate history. It further argues that academic and school history curricula should be based on historical facts/empirical evidence/archaeological discoveries – not on master narratives or Old Testament sacred-history and religio-ideological constructs.

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