Review: A bibliometric survey of live feed for marine finfish and shrimp larval production

The bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli is the most abundant fish in Chesapeake Bay (USA) and is a vital link between plankton and piscivores within the trophic structure of this large estuarine ecosystem. Baywide distributions and abundances of bay anchovy eggs and larvae, and larval growth, were analyzed in a 5 yr program to evaluate temporal and spatial variability based on research surveys in the 1995-1999 spawning seasons. Effects of environmental variability and abundance of zooplankton that serve as prey for larval bay anchovy were analyzed. In the years of these surveys, 97.6% of eggs and 98.8% of larvae occurred in the polyhaline lower bay. Median egg and larval abundances differed more than 10-fold for surveys conducted in the 5 yr and were highest in the lower bay. Within years, median larval abundance (ind. m-2) in the lower bay was generally 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than upper-bay abundance. Salinity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen explained 12% of the spatial and temporal variability in egg abundances and accounted for 27% of the variability in larval abundances. The mean, baywide growth rate for larvae over the 5 yr period was 0.75 ± 0.01 mm d-1, and was best explained by zooplankton concentration and feeding incidence. Among years, mean growth rates ranged from 0.68 (in 1999) to 0.81 (in 1998) mm d-1 and were fastest in the upper bay. We identified environmental factors, especially salinity, that contributed to broadscale variability in egg and larval production.

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Thermal optimum for mass production of the live feed organism Enchytraeus albidus

Journal of Thermal Biology ◽

10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102865 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 97 ◽

pp. 102865

Author(s):

Wencai Dai ◽

Stine Slotsbo ◽

Martin Holmstrup

Keyword(s):

Mass Production ◽

Live Feed

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Mild Abiotic Stress Affects Development and Stimulates Hormesis of Hemp Aphid Phorodon cannabis

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12050420 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 420

Author(s):

Roma Durak ◽

Malgorzata Jedryczka ◽

Beata Czajka ◽

Jan Dampc ◽

Katarzyna Wielgusz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glutathione Transferase ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Mild Stress ◽

Population Parameters ◽

Live Feed ◽

Average Fecundity ◽

The Impact ◽

Considerable Damage ◽

Group 1 ◽

Future Management

The hemp aphid Phorodon cannabis Passerini is a well- known (Asia, Europe) or newly emerging (North America) insect. It is a monophagous insect pest causing considerable damage in field and glasshouse cultivations. The aim of this work was to study the effects of meteorological (temperature) and agronomical (herbicide) factors on the biology of the hemp aphid. In one experiment, hemp plants were kept at constant temperatures ranging from 20 to 30 °C, and aphid survival and fecundity were measured. In a related experiment conducted at 20 °C, plants were treated with field-appropriate rates of a selective graminicide containing quizalofop-P-tefuryl (40 gL−1, 4.38%, HRAC group 1), commonly used to control weeds in hemp, and aphid enzyme activity was measured in addition to population parameters. We found that hemp aphids could live, feed and reproduce within the whole studied range of temperatures, demonstrating its great evolutionary plasticity. However, the optimal temperature for development was 25 °C, at which the insect lived and reproduced for 25 and 15 days, respectively, with an average fecundity of 7.5 nymphs per reproduction day. The herbicide treatment increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), β-glucosidase, S-glutathione transferase (GST), oxidoreductive peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in the aphids, but only on certain days after treatment, which indicates a mild stress in aphid tissues, related to a higher reproduction and changed feeding behavior; aphids moved from the actively growing tips compared to untreated plants. The results of these experiments are discussed in terms of the impact on the future management of this pest.

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Recolonization of lake whitefish river spawning ecotypes and estimates of riverine larval production in Green Bay, Lake Michigan

Journal of Great Lakes Research ◽

10.1016/j.jglr.2020.11.011 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew L. Ransom ◽

Christopher J. Houghton ◽

S. Dale Hanson ◽

Scott P. Hansen ◽

Lydia R. Doerr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lake Michigan ◽

Lake Whitefish ◽

Green Bay ◽

Larval Production

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Effect of pluronic block polymers and N-acetylcysteine culture media additives on growth rate and fatty acid composition of six marine microalgae species

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ◽

10.1007/s00253-021-11147-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 105 (5) ◽

pp. 2139-2156

Author(s):

Justine Sauvage ◽

Gary H. Wikfors ◽

Xiaoxu Li ◽

Mark Gluis ◽

Nancy Nevejan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Culture Media ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Pluronic F127 ◽

Algal Culture ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Chaetoceros Muelleri ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽

Live Feed ◽

Chaetoceros Calcitrans

Abstract The efficiency of microalgal biomass production is a determining factor for the economic competitiveness of microalgae-based industries. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and pluronic block polymers are two compounds of interest as novel culture media constituents because of their respective protective properties against oxidative stress and shear-stress-induced cell damage. Here we quantify the effect of NAC and two pluronic (F127 and F68) culture media additives upon the culture productivity of six marine microalgal species of relevance to the aquaculture industry (four diatoms-Chaetoceros calcitrans, Chaetoceros muelleri, Skeletonema costatum, and Thalassiosira pseudonana; two haptophytes-Tisochrysis lutea and Pavlova salina). Algal culture performance in response to the addition of NAC and pluronic, singly or combined, is dosage- and species-dependent. Combined NAC and pluronic F127 algal culture media additives resulted in specific growth rate increases of 38%, 16%, and 24% for C. calcitrans, C. muelleri, and P. salina, respectively. Enhanced culture productivity for strains belonging to the genus Chaetoceros was paired with an ~27% increase in stationary-phase cell density. For some of the species examined, culture media enrichments with NAC and pluronic resulted in increased omega-3-fatty acid content of the algal biomass. Larval development (i.e., growth and survival) of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) was not changed when fed a mixture of microalgae grown in NAC- and F127-supplemented culture medium. Based upon these results, we propose that culture media enrichment with NAC and pluronic F127 is an effective and easily adopted approach to increase algal productivity and enhance the nutritional quality of marine microalgal strains commonly cultured for live-feed applications in aquaculture. Key points • Single and combined NAC and pluronic F127 culture media supplementation significantly enhanced the productivity of Chaetoceros calcitrans and Chaetoceros muelleri cultures. • Culture media enrichments with NAC and F127 can increase omega-3-fatty acid content of algal biomass. • Microalgae grown in NAC- and pluronic F127-supplemented culture media are suitable for live-feed applications.

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Pathogenicity and Infection Cycle of Vibrio owensii in Larviculture of the Ornate Spiny Lobster (Panulirus ornatus)

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.07274-11 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 78 (8) ◽

pp. 2841-2849 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Evan F. Goulden ◽

Michael R. Hall ◽

David G. Bourne ◽

Lily L. Pereg ◽

Lone Høj

Keyword(s):

Fluorescent Protein ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Single Cells ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Spiny Lobster ◽

Systemic Infection ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Infection Process ◽

Content Type ◽

Live Feed

ABSTRACTThe type strain ofVibrio owensii(DY05) was isolated during an epizootic of aquaculture-reared larvae (phyllosomas) of the ornate spiny lobster (Panulirus ornatus).V. owensiiDY05 was formally demonstrated to be the etiological agent of a disease causing rapid and reproducible larval mortality with pathologies similar to those seen during disease epizootics. Vectored challenge via the aquaculture live feed organismArtemia(brine shrimp) caused consistent cumulative mortality rates of 84 to 89% after 72 h, in contrast to variable mortality rates seen after immersion challenge. Histopathological examination of vector-challenged phyllosomas revealed bacterial proliferation in the midgut gland (hepatopancreas) concomitant with epithelial cell necrosis. A fluorescent-protein-labeledV. owensiiDY05 transconjugant showed dispersal of single cells in the foregut and hepatopancreas 6 h postexposure, leading to colonization of the entire hepatopancreas within 18 h and eventually systemic infection.V. owensiiDY05 is a marine enteropathogen highly virulent toP. ornatusphyllosoma that uses vector-mediated transmission and release from host association to a planktonic existence to perpetuate transfer. This understanding of the infection process will improve targeted biocontrol strategies and enhance the prospects of commercially viable larviculture for this valuable spiny lobster species.

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