scholarly journals Genetic and environmental factors underlying the rapid changes in epidemiological and clinical features of multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica in Japanese

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-ichi Kira
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

scholarly journals No association of AQP4 polymorphisms with neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-Ting Yang ◽  
Yang He ◽  
Ya-Juan Xiang ◽  
Dong-Hui Ao ◽  
Yang-Yang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Aquaporin 4 ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Demyelinating Disorders

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) are inflammatory demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). Various genetic and environmental factors have been identified to contribute to etiology of MS and NMO. Aquaporin 4 (AQP4), is the most abundant water channel in CNS.

scholarly journals Supplementation and therapeutic use of vitamin D in patients with multiple sclerosis: Consensus of the Scientific Department of Neuroimmunology of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doralina Guimarães Brum ◽  
Elizabeth Regina Comini-Frota ◽  
Claúdia Cristina F. Vasconcelos ◽  
Elza Dias-Tosta
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Central Nervous System Disease ◽  
Keywords Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
System Disease ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, autoimmune, demyelinating, and degenerative central nervous system disease. Even though the etiology of MS has not yet been fully elucidated, there is evidence that genetic and environmental factors interact to cause the disease. Among the main environmental factors studied, those more likely associated with MS include certain viruses, smoking, and hypovitaminosis D. This review aimed to determine whether there is evidence to recommend the use of vitamin D as monotherapy or as adjunct therapy in patients with MS. We searched PUBMED, EMBASE, COCHRANNE, and LILACS databases for studies published until September 9 th , 2013, using the keywords “multiple sclerosis”, “vitamin D”, and “clinical trial”. There is no scientific evidence up to the production of this consensus for the use of vitamin D as monotherapy for MS in clinical practice.

First Presentation of an Acquired Demyelinating Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 164-170
Author(s):  
Rachel Gottlieb-Smith ◽  
Amy Waldman
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
The Central Nervous System

AbstractAcquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS) present with acute or subacute monofocal or polyfocal neurologic deficits localizing to the central nervous system. The clinical features of distinct ADS have been carefully characterized including optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. These disorders may all be monophasic disorders. Alternatively, optic neuritis, partial transverse myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis may be first presentations of a relapsing or polyphasic neuroinflammatory disorder, such as multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica. The clinical features of these disorders and the differential diagnosis are discussed in this article.

Genetic and environmental factors and the distribution of multiple sclerosis in Europe

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1210-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Handel ◽  
L. Handunnetthi ◽  
G. Giovannoni ◽  
G. C. Ebers ◽  
S. V. Ramagopalan
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

The spectrum of immune-mediated and inflammatory lesions of the brainstem

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. 390-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lai Yin Law ◽  
D. Sean Riminton ◽  
MaiAnh Nguyen ◽  
Michael H. Barnett ◽  
Stephen W. Reddel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Inflammatory Lesions ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Neurologic Disability ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

The presentation of a patient with brainstem symptoms and signs invokes a number of common and less common differential diagnoses, and accurate diagnosis can be challenging. We review the major immune-mediated and inflammatory syndromes that can affect the brainstem including multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, neuro-Behçet disease, chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids, neurosarcoidosis, Susac syndrome, and the histiocytic disorders. We focus on clinical features and MRI clues that help to distinguish among the different brainstem conditions. Accurate diagnosis is important to guide appropriate treatment and limit neurologic disability.

scholarly journals Th17 Cells Pathways in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders: Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Implications

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giordani Rodrigues Dos Passos ◽  
Douglas Kazutoshi Sato ◽  
Jefferson Becker ◽  
Kazuo Fujihara
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Th17 Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders ◽  
T Helper 17 ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Several animal and human studies have implicated CD4+ T helper 17 (Th17) cells and their downstream pathways in the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity in multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), challenging the traditional Th1-Th2 paradigm. Th17 cells can efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier using alternate ways from Th1 cells, promote its disruption, and induce the activation of other inflammatory cells in the CNS. A number of environmental factors modulate the activity of Th17 pathways, so changes in the diet, exposure to infections, and other environmental factors can potentially change the risk of development of autoimmunity. Currently, new drugs targeting specific points of the Th17 pathways are already being tested in clinical trials and provide basis for the development of biomarkers to monitor disease activity. Herein, we review the key findings supporting the relevance of the Th17 pathways in the pathogenesis of MS and NMOSD, as well as their potential role as therapeutic targets in the treatment of immune-mediated CNS disorders.

scholarly journals Role of gene polymorphisms in vitamin D metabolism and in multiple sclerosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aylin Elkama ◽  
Bensu Karahalil
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) resulting in neurological impairment and disability. There is evidence that adequate vitamin D levels may lower the risk of MS development. The aetiology of MS is complex and involves both genetic and environmental factors. In fact, not one but several genes are believed to lead to the disease. As for environmental factors, one of the most important risk factors is vitamin D deficiency, which, in turn, is closely related to gene polymorphisms that play a role in vitamin D metabolism and regulation. However, information about these gene polymorphisms is quite contradictory. The aim of this review is to discuss the association between some of the vitamin D-related gene variants and MS.

scholarly journals Clinical Features of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 129 (17) ◽  
pp. 2079-2084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Chen ◽  
Shi-Meng Liu ◽  
Xu-Xiang Zhang ◽  
Ya-Ou Liu ◽  
Si-Zhao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

scholarly journals Association Study among Comethylation Modules, Genetic Polymorphisms and Clinical Features in Mexican Teenagers with Eating Disorders: Preliminary Results

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3210
Author(s):  
Germán Alberto Nolasco-Rosales ◽  
José Jaime Martínez-Magaña ◽  
Isela Esther Juárez-Rojop ◽  
Thelma Beatriz González-Castro ◽  
Carlos Alfonso Tovilla-Zarate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Gene Correlation ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Eating disorders are psychiatric disorders characterized by disturbed eating behaviors. They have a complex etiology in which genetic and environmental factors interact. Analyzing gene-environment interactions could help us to identify the mechanisms involved in the etiology of such conditions. For example, comethylation module analysis could detect the small effects of epigenetic interactions, reflecting the influence of environmental factors. We used MethylationEPIC and Psycharray microarrays to determine DNA methylation levels and genotype from 63 teenagers with eating disorders. We identified 11 comethylation modules in WGCNA (Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis) and correlated them with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and clinical features in our subjects. Two comethylation modules correlated with clinical features (BMI and height) in our sample and with SNPs associated with these phenotypes. One of these comethylation modules (yellow) correlated with BMI and rs10494217 polymorphism (associated with waist-hip ratio). Another module (black) was correlated with height, rs9349206, rs11761528, and rs17726787 SNPs; these polymorphisms were associated with height in previous GWAS. Our data suggest that genetic variations could alter epigenetics, and that these perturbations could be reflected as variations in clinical features.

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