Patch characteristics and domestic dogs differentially affect carnivore space use in fragmented landscapes in southern Chile

Patch characteristics and domestic dogs differentially affect carnivore space use in fragmented landscapes in Southern Chile

10.1101/2020.12.20.423635 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rumaan Malhotra ◽

Jaime E Jimenez ◽

Nyeema C Harris

Keyword(s):

Habitat Loss ◽

Native Species ◽

Space Use ◽

Domestic Dogs ◽

Domestic Dog ◽

Diel Activity ◽

Native Forest ◽

Southern Chile ◽

Modeling Framework ◽

Terrestrial Mammals

In an increasingly anthropogenic world, native species face multiple interacting threats. Habitat fragmentation and domestic dogs are two such perturbations threatening terrestrial mammals globally. Here, we implemented a camera trap survey in the fragmented central valley/Andean foothills transition of the Los Lagos Region in Southern Chile to evaluate space use of native carnivores in a landscape comprised of patches of native forest amidst a matrix of pastureland. Using an occupancy modeling framework to account for imperfect detection, we examined the impacts of dogs and landscape metrics of fragmentation on three mesocarnivores: the foxes culpeo (Lycalopex culpaeus) and chilla (Lycalopex griseus) and the wild cat guina (Leopardus guigna). Factors driving occupancy differed for each of the native species, while detection rates for both canid species increased with dog occupancy. We found that a small (12%) simulated increase in dog occupancy negatively impacted the spatial use of the culpeo. Habitat loss and fragmentation were positive drivers for the chilla and the dog, and indirectly impacted the culpeo through the domestic dog. The guina did not respond to fragmentation and other habitat covariates or dog occupancy. Instead, all native carnivore species temporally partitioned diel activity with dogs. We highlight that the effects of dogs or fragmentation are not ubiquitous across the carnivore guild with varied tolerance. However, future conditions of increased fragmentation and habitat loss will likely increase the potential contact between domestic dogs and native carnivores.

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Spatial and temporal dynamics of space use by free‐ranging domestic dogs Canis familiaris in rural Africa

Ecological Applications ◽

10.1002/eap.2328 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jared K. Wilson‐Aggarwal ◽

Cecily E.D. Goodwin ◽

Tchonfienet Moundai ◽

Metinou K. Sidouin ◽

George J.F. Swan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Canis Familiaris ◽

Space Use ◽

Domestic Dogs ◽

Spatial And Temporal Dynamics ◽

Rural Africa ◽

Free Ranging

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Occurrence of canine hemotropic mycoplasmas in domestic dogs from urban and rural areas of the Valdivia Province, southern Chile

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.cimid.2016.11.013 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 50 ◽

pp. 70-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Francisco Soto ◽

Romina Walker ◽

Maximiliano Sepulveda ◽

Pedro Bittencourt ◽

Gerardo Acosta-Jamett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Domestic Dogs ◽

Southern Chile ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

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Widespread Presence of Domestic Dogs on Sandy Beaches of Southern Chile

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11010161 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 161

Author(s):

Esteban I. Cortés ◽

Juan G. Navedo ◽

Eduardo A. Silva-Rodríguez

Keyword(s):

Mixed Models ◽

Generalized Linear Mixed Models ◽

Linear Mixed Models ◽

Sandy Beaches ◽

Domestic Dogs ◽

Southern Chile ◽

Human Presence ◽

Human Behaviors ◽

Free Ranging

Dogs on sandy beaches are a threat to shorebirds. Managing this problem requires understanding the factors that influence the abundance of dogs in these ecosystems. We aimed to determine the proportion of beaches used by dogs and the effects of human presence on dog abundance on sandy beaches of southern Chile. We conducted dog counts and recorded the presence of tracks on 14 beaches. We used zero-inflated generalized linear mixed models to determine if the number of people, number of households, and other covariates were associated with dog abundance. We detected dog tracks on all the beaches, and dog sightings on most of them. Dogs were frequently not supervised (45%) and only 13% of them were leashed. The number of people on the beach and the number of houses near the beach were positively associated with the number of dogs on beaches. Finally, when dogs co-occurred with whimbrels (Numenius phaeopus), the probability of dog harassment was high (59%). Our work reveals that human presence determines the abundance of dogs on sandy beaches. Therefore, our study suggests that any strategy aiming at reducing dog harassment of shorebirds requires changes in those human behaviors that favor the presence of free-ranging dogs at beaches.

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Hierarchical habitat-use by an endangered steppe bird in fragmented landscapes is associated with large connected patches and high food availability

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-55467-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Julia Gómez-Catasús ◽

Vicente Garza ◽

Manuel B. Morales ◽

Juan Traba

Keyword(s):

Habitat Use ◽

Food Availability ◽

Habitat Quality ◽

Patch Size ◽

Explanatory Power ◽

Space Use ◽

Least Squares Regression ◽

Fragmented Landscapes ◽

Hierarchical Nature ◽

Dupont’S Lark

AbstractMultidimensional approaches must be employed when addressing habitat use patterns. In this study, we aim to elucidate the hierarchical nature of space use by species inhabiting fragmented landscapes, using the threatened Dupont’s lark (Chersophilus duponti). The intensity of space use by Dupont’s lark was estimated using the Kernel Density Function on territory locations in 2015. We measured descriptors of habitat quality at metapopulation (connectivity and patch size), landscape (land-use types and anthropogenic disturbance) and microhabitat-scale (plant structure and composition, herbivore abundance and food availability) at 37 sampling stations. We fitted a Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) which yielded two components, accounting for 81% of total variance. Metapopulation-scale factors had the greatest explanatory power (32%), followed by microhabitat (17%) landscape (10%) and spatial predictors (3.6%). Connectivity and patch size were key factors explaining habitat use, and wind farms had a negative effect. At microhabitat-scale, space use was positively associated with Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Araneae and Diptera biomass, but negatively with Formicidae and Blattodea biomass, the cover of Stipa spp, Koeleria vallesiana and moss. This research highlights the hierarchical nature of habitat use in fragmented landscapes. Therefore, conservation measures should ensure connectivity, guarantee a minimum patch size, and improve habitat quality within patches.

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Author response for "Brain gyrification in wild and domestic canids: Has domestication changed the gyrification index in domestic dogs?"

10.1002/cne.24972/v2/response1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jagmeet S. Grewal ◽

Tyler Gloe ◽

Joseph Hegedus ◽

Kathleen Bitterman ◽

Brendon K. Billings ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Domestic Dogs ◽

Author Response ◽

Gyrification Index

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Ultrastructure of neuromuscular relationships in the canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis)

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100143018 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 278-279

Author(s):

W. L. Steffens ◽

Nancy B. Roberts ◽

J. M. Bowen

Keyword(s):

Dirofilaria Immitis ◽

Domestic Dogs ◽

Structural Description ◽

Pharmacological Effects ◽

Free Living ◽

Canine Heartworm ◽

The World ◽

Synaptic Region ◽

Muscle Innervation ◽

Insight Into

The canine heartworm is a common and serious nematode parasite of domestic dogs in many parts of the world. Although nematode neuroanatomy is fairly well documented, the emphasis has been on sensory anatomy and primarily in free-living soil species and ascarids. Lee and Miller reported on the muscular anatomy in the heartworm, but provided little insight into the peripheral nervous system or myoneural relationships. The classical fine-structural description of nematode muscle innervation is Rosenbluth's earlier work in Ascaris. Since the pharmacological effects of some nematacides currently being developed are neuromuscular in nature, a better understanding of heartworm myoneural anatomy, particularly in reference to the synaptic region is warranted.

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