The influence of bilingualism on the preference for the mouth region of dynamic faces

Autumn Migration of Waders (Charadrii) at the Reda Mouth (N Poland) The migration of waders was investigated at the Reda mouth (Polish Baltic coast) between 1996 and 2001. During the study 496 counts were conducted in the period between 5 July and 5 October. The most numerous species observed were: the Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) - 39.5% and Dunlin (Calidris alpina) - 29.8% of all waders. Because of a variety of habitats in the Reda mouth region, among the waders staging numerously in the Reda mouth there were species typical both for coastal and inland habitat. It was shown that birds from tundra zone migrated later than those from more southern breeding areas, which was caused by much later beginning of egg laying in northern latitudes. Moreover, in the species from tundra zone, e.g. the Knot (Calidris canutus), Little Stint (C. minuta), Curlew Sandpiper (C. ferruginea), the migration of both age classes were well separated, whereas in those from more southern areas, e.g. the Little Ringed Plover (Charadius dubius), Common Sandpiper (Actitis hypoleucos), such difference was less pronounced and the period of common passage of adults and juveniles was much longer. A comparison of the obtained data on migration pattern with some other sites in Poland where regular counts were conducted showed several similarities and some discrepancies, which are discussed in the paper.

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Syntaxonomical diversity of vegetation of the Dnieper mouth region III Class Phragmito-Magnocaricetea Klika in Klika et Novak 1941. Orders Magnocaricetalia Pignatti 1953 and Nasturtio-Glycerietalia Pignatti 1953

Vegetation of Russia ◽

10.31111/vegrus/2009.14.15 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 15-36

Author(s):

D. V. Dubyna ◽

T. P. Dziuba

Keyword(s):

Mouth Region ◽

Community Protection

Syntaxonomy of the orders Magnocaricetalia and Nasturtio-Glycerietalia in the Dnieper mouth region is developed. There have been described 14 associations belonging to the four alliances: Magnocaricion elatae, Cicution virosae, Glycerio-Sparganion and Phalaridion arundinaceae. Also in the article phytocoenotic tables are presented. The problems of syntaxonomy and rare community protection are discussed.

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The face value of feedback: Facial behavior is shaped by goals and punishments during interaction with dynamic faces

10.31234/osf.io/9vwhq ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jonathan Yi ◽

Philip Pärnamets ◽

Andreas Olsson

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Facial Expression ◽

Facial Expressions ◽

Large Body ◽

Mechanistic Explanation ◽

Experimental Manipulation ◽

Corrugator Supercilii ◽

Dynamic Faces ◽

Facial Behavior ◽

Reinforcement Learning Models

Responding appropriately to others’ facial expressions is key to successful social functioning. Despite the large body of work on face perception and spontaneous responses to static faces, little is known about responses to faces in dynamic, naturalistic situations, and no study has investigated how goal directed responses to faces are influenced by learning during dyadic interactions. To experimentally model such situations, we developed a novel method based on online integration of electromyography (EMG) signals from the participants’ face (corrugator supercilii and zygomaticus major) during facial expression exchange with dynamic faces displaying happy and angry facial expressions. Fifty-eight participants learned by trial-and-error to avoid receiving aversive stimulation by either reciprocate (congruently) or respond opposite (incongruently) to the expression of the target face. Our results validated our method, showing that participants learned to optimize their facial behavior, and replicated earlier findings of faster and more accurate responses in congruent vs. incongruent conditions. Moreover, participants performed better on trials when confronted with smiling, as compared to frowning, faces, suggesting it might be easier to adapt facial responses to positively associated expressions. Finally, we applied drift diffusion and reinforcement learning models to provide a mechanistic explanation for our findings which helped clarifying the underlying decision-making processes of our experimental manipulation. Our results introduce a new method to study learning and decision-making in facial expression exchange, in which there is a need to gradually adapt facial expression selection to both social and non-social reinforcements.

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Revision of European and North African Folsomides Stach with special emphasis on the Canarian fauna (Collembola: Isotomidae)

Insect Systematics & Evolution ◽

10.1163/187631292x00245 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 453-473 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Arne Fjellberg

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Canary Islands ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Maxillary Palp ◽

North African ◽

African Species ◽

Mouth Region ◽

Generic Rank ◽

Number Of Species ◽

Narrow Definition

AbstractThe genus Folsomides Stach, 1922 is redefined and given a narrow definition based on a limited set of consistent morphological characters: Position and distribution of tergal macrosensilla, chaetotaxy of mouth region, tibiotarsi, ventral tube and furca. Eighteen new species are described from the Canary Islands: semiparvulus sp. n., xerophilus sp. n., vinosus sp. n., cumbrosus sp. n., unicus sp. n., terrus sp. n., pocosensillatus sp. n., nigrocellatus sp. n., teno sp. n., oromii sp. n., ononicolus sp. n., graminis sp. n., famarensis sp. n., pinicolus sp. n., intermedius sp. n., tonellus sp. n., supranubius sp. n. and analuisae sp. n. The following European/African species are redescribed: parvulus Stach, portucalensis Gama, angularis (Axelson), cf. petiti Delamare, lawrencei Gers & Deharveng, cf. zairensis Martynova, nanus Ellis and centralis (Denis). Highly discriminate species characters are found in maxillary palp, tibiotarsal chaetotaxy and distribution of tergal microsensilla. A number of species are removed from Folsomides, and Subisotoma Stach, 1947 is given generic rank.

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A subcuticular endoparasite impaling bdelloid rotifers using three-pronged spores

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b81-165 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 59 (7) ◽

pp. 1207-1212 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

G. L. Barron ◽

S. S. Tzean

Keyword(s):

Bdelloid Rotifers ◽

Mouth Region ◽

Subcuticular Space ◽

Infection Hypha

Triacutus subcuticularis is described as an endoparasite of bdelloid rotifers. The infection hypha does not establish in the visceral tissue but grows in the pseudocoel between the cuticle and the epidermis. In this location the thallus grows and divides repeatedly to produce numerous unicellular assimilative segments which pack the subcuticular space of the living host. After death, each hyphal segment produces one or several filiform extensions which bear solitary one-celled, three-pronged spores at the apex. Infection is initiated by the spore impaling the rotifers in the mouth region.

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Do Valenced Odors and Trait Body Odor Disgust Affect Evaluation of Emotion in Dynamic Faces?

Perception ◽

10.1177/0301006617720831 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 46 (12) ◽

pp. 1412-1426 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Elmeri Syrjänen ◽

Marco Tullio Liuzza ◽

Håkan Fischer ◽

Jonas K. Olofsson

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Facial Expressions ◽

Visual Information ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Body Odor ◽

Disgust Sensitivity ◽

Facial Perception ◽

Related Information ◽

Dynamic Faces ◽

Unpleasant Odor

Disgust is a core emotion evolved to detect and avoid the ingestion of poisonous food as well as the contact with pathogens and other harmful agents. Previous research has shown that multisensory presentation of olfactory and visual information may strengthen the processing of disgust-relevant information. However, it is not known whether these findings extend to dynamic facial stimuli that changes from neutral to emotionally expressive, or if individual differences in trait body odor disgust may influence the processing of disgust-related information. In this preregistered study, we tested whether a classification of dynamic facial expressions as happy or disgusted, and an emotional evaluation of these facial expressions, would be affected by individual differences in body odor disgust sensitivity, and by exposure to a sweat-like, negatively valenced odor (valeric acid), as compared with a soap-like, positively valenced odor (lilac essence) or a no-odor control. Using Bayesian hypothesis testing, we found evidence that odors do not affect recognition of emotion in dynamic faces even when body odor disgust sensitivity was used as moderator. However, an exploratory analysis suggested that an unpleasant odor context may cause faster RTs for faces, independent of their emotional expression. Our results further our understanding of the scope and limits of odor effects on facial perception affect and suggest further studies should focus on reproducibility, specifying experimental circumstances where odor effects on facial expressions may be present versus absent.

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Composition of the genus Loricella (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Loricidae) and the description of two new species

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4981.2.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4981 (2) ◽

pp. 275-300

Author(s):

BORIS SIRENKO

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

New Species ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Central Area ◽

Dorsal Side ◽

Morphological Features ◽

Related Genus ◽

Mouth Region ◽

Two New Species ◽

Scanning Electron

The genus chiton Loricella is revised. It comprises nine species. Two of these species, L. neoguinensis n. sp. and L. solomonensis n. sp., are described as new. Based on the analysis of morphological features studied using a scanning electron microscope, a revised diagnosis of the genus is provided. The characters diagnostic for this that distinguish it from the related genus Squamophora are as follows: a tubular hollow inside the dorsal scales, bristles on the dorsal side of the girdle, a wide ventral mouth region, a narrow mantle fold covered with simple longitudinally ribbed scales, smooth ventral scales, pits arranged in longitudinal rows in the central area of the tegmentum, and a bicuspid head of the major lateral teeth of the radula.

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Speaker Variations Influence Speechreading Speed for Dynamic Faces

Perception ◽

10.1068/p5104 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 595-610 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jürgen M Kaufmann ◽

Stefan R Schweinberger

Keyword(s):

Face Perception ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Dynamic Information ◽

Static Mode ◽

Dynamic Stimuli ◽

Distributed Models ◽

Garner Interference ◽

Dynamic Faces ◽

Task Irrelevant

We investigated the influence of task-irrelevant speaker variations on speechreading performance. In three experiments with video digitised faces presented either in dynamic, static-sequential, or static mode, participants performed speeded classifications on vowel utterances (German vowels /u/ and /i/). A Garner interference paradigm was used, in which speaker identity was task-irrelevant but could be either correlated, constant, or orthogonal to the vowel uttered. Reaction times for facial speech classifications were slowed by task-irrelevant speaker variations for dynamic stimuli. The results are discussed with reference to distributed models of face perception (Haxby et al, 2000 Trends in Cognitive Sciences4 223–233) and the relevance of both dynamic information and speaker characteristics for speechreading.

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