History of gestational diabetes mellitus and postpartum maternal retinal microvascular structure and function

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is an important part of IGF system. The structure and function of IGF-1 are similar to that of insulin. Thus, IGF-1 may participate both in the gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) pathogenesis and the development of some complications. IGF-1, as one of the most important growth factors “in utero”, may influence the intrauterine growth leading to fetal macrosomia. The aim of the study was to present the structure and function of IGF-1 in terms of carbohydrate metabolism disturbances and to determine the role of IGF-1 on fetal growth during pregnancy complicated by GDM. Fetal growth is an extremely complex process and depends on many factors, including IGF-1 concentration.

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Effects of Maternal Obesity and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on the Placenta: Current Knowledge and Targets for Therapeutic Interventions

Current Vascular Pharmacology ◽

10.2174/1570161118666200616144512 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 176-192

Author(s):

Samantha Bedell ◽

Janine Hutson ◽

Barbra de Vrijer ◽

Genevieve Eastabrook

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Maternal Obesity ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Placental Development ◽

Exchange Site ◽

And Function

: Obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are becoming more common among pregnant women worldwide and are individually associated with a number of placenta-mediated obstetric complications, including preeclampsia, macrosomia, intrauterine growth restriction and stillbirth. The placenta serves several functions throughout pregnancy and is the main exchange site for the transfer of nutrients and gas from mother to fetus. In pregnancies complicated by maternal obesity or GDM, the placenta is exposed to environmental changes, such as increased inflammation and oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, and altered hormone levels. These changes can affect placental development and function and lead to abnormal fetal growth and development as well as metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities in the offspring. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the effects of obesity and GDM on placental development and function. Understanding these processes is key in developing therapeutic interventions with the goal of mitigating these effects and preventing future cardiovascular and metabolic pathology in subsequent generations.

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myo-Inositol Supplementation and Onset of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnant Women With a Family History of Type 2 Diabetes: A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study

Diabetes Care ◽

10.2337/dc12-1371 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 854-857 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

R. D'Anna ◽

A. Scilipoti ◽

D. Giordano ◽

C. Caruso ◽

M. L. Cannata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Family History ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Controlled Study ◽

History Of

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Effect of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus History on Future Pregnancy Behaviors: The Mutaba’ah Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18010058 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 58

Author(s):

Nasloon Ali ◽

Aysha S. Aldhaheri ◽

Hessa H. Alneyadi ◽

Maha H. Alazeezi ◽

Sara S. Al Dhaheri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Previous History ◽

Previous Pregnancy ◽

Prenatal Health ◽

Supplement Use ◽

History Of ◽

Future Pregnancy

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in any pregnancy and recurrence rates are high in future pregnancies. This study aims to investigate the effect of self-reported history of previous GDM on behaviors in a future pregnancy. This is an interim cross-sectional analysis of the pregnant women who participated in the Mutaba’ah Study between May 2017 and March 2020 in the United Arab Emirates. Participants completed a baseline self-administered questionnaire on sociodemographic and pregnancy-related information about the current pregnancy and previous pregnancies. Regression models assessed the relationships between self-reported history of GDM and pre-pregnancy and pregnancy behaviors in the current pregnancy. Out of 5738 pregnant parous women included in this analysis, nearly 30% (n = 1684) reported a history of GDM in a previous pregnancy. Women with a history of previous GDM were less likely to plan their current pregnancies (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.74–0.96) and more likely to be worried about childbirth (aOR: 1.18, 95% CI 1.03–1.36). They had shorter interpregnancy intervals between their previous child and current pregnancy (aOR: 0.88, 95% CI 0.82–0.94, per SD increase). There were no significant differences between women with and without a history of GDM in supplement use, sedentary behavior, or physical activity before and during this current pregnancy. Nearly a third of parous pregnant women in this population had a history of GDM in a previous pregnancy. Pregnant women with a previous history of GDM were similar to their counterparts with no history of GDM in the adopted pre-pregnancy and prenatal health behaviors. More intensive and long-term lifestyle counseling, possibly supported by e-health and social media materials, might be required to empower pregnant women with a history of GDM. This may assist in adopting and maintaining healthy prenatal behaviors early during the pregnancy or the preconception phase to minimize the risk of GDM recurrence and the consequential adverse maternal and infant health outcomes.

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Candida Chorioamnionitis in Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Report of Two Cases

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18147450 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (14) ◽

pp. 7450

Author(s):

Elia Shazniza Shaaya ◽

Siti Atiqah Abdul Halim ◽

Ka Wen Leong ◽

Kevin Boon Ping Ku ◽

Pei Shan Lim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Umbilical Cord ◽

Neonatal Death ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Careful Examination ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

History Of ◽

Methenamine Silver

Background:Candida chorioamnionitis is rarely encountered, even though vulvovaginal candidiasis incidence is about 15%. Interestingly, it has characteristic gross and histological findings on the umbilical cord that are not to be missed. Case Report: We report two cases of Candida chorioamnionitis with presence of multiple yellowish and red spots of the surface of the umbilical cord. Microscopically, these consist of microabscesses with evidence of fungal yeasts and pseudohyphae. The yeasts and pseudohyphae were highlighted by periodic acid– Schiff and Grocott methenamine silver histochemical stains. Both cases were associated with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus. Discussion: Peripheral funisitis is a characteristic feature of Candida chorioamnionitis. It is associated with high risk of adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes, such as preterm delivery, stillbirth and neonatal death. We recommend careful examination of the umbilical cord of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus.

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