Geometric morphometrics meets metacommunity ecology: environment and lineage distribution affects spatial variation in shape

Ecography ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renan Maestri ◽  
Leandro Rabello Monteiro ◽  
Rodrigo Fornel ◽  
Thales Renato Ochotorena de Freitas ◽  
Bruce D. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Metacommunity Ecology ◽  
Lineage Distribution

Geometric morphometrics of mandibular shape in the dwarf fat-tailed jerboa: relevancy for trinomial taxonomy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Kryštufek ◽  
Georgy Shenbrot ◽  
Tina Klenovšek ◽  
Franc Janžekovič
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Independent Study ◽  
Glans Penis ◽  
Environmental Pressure ◽  
Taxonomic Information ◽  
Mandible Shape ◽  
Mandibular Morphology ◽  
The One ◽  
Null Expectation

Abstract We explore the pattern of spatial variation in mandibular morphology in relation to subspecific taxonomy in the dwarf fat-tailed jerboa, Pygeretmus pumilio. The unguided k-means clustering on mandible shape scores, partitioned populations into two clusters, corresponding to western and eastern populations. These clusters nearly perfectly matched the two subspecies groups (pumilio and potanini groups) recognized in an independent study based on the morphology of the glans penis. The mandible, although under environmental pressure, has retained a sufficient amount of taxonomic information to retrieve grouping closely resembling the one derived from a sexually selective trait. We recommend morphometrics of the mandible as a routine step in addressing variations in mammals at species and subspecies levels. We also stress the advantage of unsupervised k-clustering in testing null expectation in subspecies taxonomies. However, the power of this approach has its limitations and in our analysis, the k-clustering failed to retrieve subspecies in the potanini group.

scholarly journals Bacterial Community Composition of Stream Biofilms in Spatially Variable-Flow Environments

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (22) ◽  
pp. 7189-7195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Besemer ◽  
Gabriel Singer ◽  
Iris H�dl ◽  
Tom J. Battin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Species Sorting ◽  
Flow Heterogeneity ◽  
Metacommunity Ecology ◽  
Stream Biofilms ◽  
Metacommunity Dynamics

ABSTRACT Streams are highly heterogeneous ecosystems, in terms of both geomorphology and hydrodynamics. While flow is recognized to shape the physical architecture of benthic biofilms, we do not yet understand what drives community assembly and biodiversity of benthic biofilms in the heterogeneous flow landscapes of streams. Within a metacommunity ecology framework, we experimented with streambed landscapes constructed from bedforms in large-scale flumes to illuminate the role of spatial flow heterogeneity in biofilm community composition and biodiversity in streams. Our results show that the spatial variation of hydrodynamics explained a remarkable percentage (up to 47%) of the variation in community composition along bedforms. This suggests species sorting as a model of metacommunity dynamics in stream biofilms, though natural biofilm communities will clearly not conform to a single model offered by metacommunity ecology. The spatial variation induced by the hydrodynamics along the bedforms resulted in a gradient of bacterial beta diversity, measured by a range of diversity and similarity indices, that increased with bedform height and hence with spatial flow heterogeneity at the flume level. Our results underscore the necessity to maintain small-scale physical heterogeneity for community composition and biodiversity of biofilms in stream ecosystems.

scholarly journals Far-Eastern grey voles Alexandromys (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from Medvezhyi Klyk cave Late Pleistocene–Holocene deposits, Primorskii Kray, Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 323 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.L. Voyta ◽  
F.N. Golenishchev ◽  
M.P. Tiunov
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Species Ranges ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
Far Eastern

The current paper describes material from Medvezhyi Klyk Cave Late Pleistocene–Holocene deposits that represented mostly by isolated teeth. The morphology and size variation of the first lower teeth (n = 542) were studied. There are Alexandromysfortis, A. cf. maximowiczii, A. cf. oeconomus, A. cf. mongolicus determined in the material. We could not determine the taxa due to uncertainty in a spatial variation of the species ranges during Late Pleistocene and Holocene, a broad variety of the m1 anteroconid shape among medium-sized species of voles, and supposed presence “archaic” and “deviant” morphotypes of m1. Geometric morphometrics methods were shown the broad variety of the m1 anteroconid shape without strict species-relation, i.e., each tooth shows proper anteroconid shape, which can repeat within limits in populations in and among species.

Digital representation of spatial variation of multivariate landscape data

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Altobelli ◽  
E. Bressan ◽  
E. Feoli ◽  
P. Ganis ◽  
F. Martini
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Digital Representation

Function of coprophagous beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Geotrupidae, Hydrophilidae) in cattle pastures inferred from pitfall trapping data

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Šlachta ◽  
Jan Frelich ◽  
Tomáš Tonka
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pitfall Trapping ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Nested Anova ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Dung Decomposition

Function of coprophagous beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Geotrupidae, Hydrophilidae) in cattle pastures inferred from pitfall trapping dataAn analysis of data on the dry weight biomass of coprophagous beetles in standardized dung (4.5 l) was conducted in order to characterize the spatial and the seasonal distribution of the beetles' biomass in cattle pastures and to elucidate their function in dung decomposition. Nested Anova with factors of farm, site (nested in farm), seasonal period and year was used to evaluate the effect of these factors on the biomass of four functional species groups: the dung dwellers ofScarabaeidae(subfamilyAphodiinae), the dung dwellers ofHydrophilidae, the small tunnellers ofScarabaeidae(subfamilyCoprinae) and the large tunnellers ofGeotrupidae. The spatial variation of biomass (between the sites and the farms) was insignificant (P>0.05) in the two dung-dweller groups and in the large-tunnellers group. On the other hand, a significant (P<0.05) seasonal variation of biomass was found in all but the large tunneller group. In dung dwellers, the spring biomass was formed mainly by two species,Aphodius prodromusandA. sphacelatus. In summer, most of the biomass was accounted for bySphaeridium lunatum, S. scarabaeoidesandA. rufipes. In the two tunneller groups,Onthophagus fracticornis, Geotrupes stercorariusandG. spinigerformed a majority of the biomass in dung.

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