Developmental plasticity associated with early structural integration and evolutionary patterns: Examples of developmental bias and developmental facilitation in the skeletal system

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 196-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Kavanagh
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Skeletal System ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Structural Integration

scholarly journals Developmental plasticity evolved according to specialist–generalist trade-offs in experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 20160379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Le Vinh Thuy ◽  
John M. VandenBrooks ◽  
Michael J. Angilletta
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Experimental Populations ◽  
Fluctuating Temperatures

We studied the evolution of developmental plasticity in populations of Drosophila melanogaster that evolved at either constant or fluctuating temperatures. Consistent with theory, genotypes that evolved at a constant 16°C or 25°C performed best when raised and tested at that temperature. Genotypes that evolved at fluctuating temperatures performed well at either temperature, but only when raised and tested at the same temperature. Our results confirm evolutionary patterns predicted by theory, including a loss of plasticity and a benefit of specialization in constant environments.

Accurate systematic frameworks are vital to advance ecological and evolutionary studies, with an example from Australian freshwater fish (Hypseleotris)

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Page ◽  
David Sternberg ◽  
Mark Adams ◽  
Stephen R. Balcombe ◽  
Benjamin D. Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Evolutionary Theories ◽  
Poor Group ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Australian Freshwater

The practice of modern evolutionary and ecological research is interdisciplinary, with the process of evolution underpinning the diversity on display. However, the inference of evolutionary patterns can be difficult owing to their historical nature. When the biological units and evolutionary relationships involved are unclear, interpreting any ecological and biological data can be problematic. Herein we explore resulting issues when evolutionary theories rely on an unclear or incomplete biological framework, using some Australian freshwater fish (carp gudgeons: Hypseleotris, Eleotridae) as an example. Specifically, recent theories regarding the role of developmental plasticity on ontogeny and speciation have focused on this group. However, carp gudgeons have complex, and as yet incompletely understood, species boundaries and reproductive biology. Even basic data for the recognised taxa, relating to their phylogenetic relationships, life histories and species distributions, are unclear, have often been misinterpreted and are still in the process of being assembled. Combined, these factors make carp gudgeons a relatively poor group on which to apply more advanced evolutionary theories at the moment, such as the role of developmental plasticity in diversification.

Evolutionary Patterns of Retinal-Binding Pockets of Type I Rhodopsins and Their Functions†

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa Adamian ◽  
Zheng Ouyang ◽  
Yan Yuan Tseng ◽  
Jie Liang
Keyword(s):  
Type I ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Binding Pockets

Comparative Analysis of Genetic and Morphological Variation within the Platanthera hyperborea Complex (Orchidaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-778
Author(s):  
Eranga Wettewa ◽  
Nick Bailey ◽  
Lisa E. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Founding Population ◽  
Multiple Origins ◽  
Geographic Structure ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Cryptic Taxa

Abstract—Species complexes present considerable problems for a working taxonomy due to the presence of intraspecific variation, hybridization, polyploidy, and phenotypic plasticity. Understanding evolutionary patterns using molecular markers can allow for a more thorough assessment of evolutionary lineages than traditional morphological markers. In this study, we evaluated genetic diversity and phylogenetic patterns among taxa of the Platanthera hyperborea (Orchidaceae) complex, which includes diploid (Platanthera aquilonis) and polyploid (Platanthera hyperborea, P. huronensis, and P. convallariifolia) taxa spanning North America, Greenland, Iceland, and Asia. We found that three floral morphological characters overlap among the polyploid taxa, but the diploid species has smaller flowers. DNA sequence variation in a plastid (rpL16 intron) and a nuclear (ITS) marker indicated that at least three diploid species have contributed to the genomes of the polyploid taxa, suggesting all are of allopolyploid origin. Platanthera convallariifolia is most like P. dilatata and P. stricta, whereas P. huronensis and P. hyperborea appear to have originated from crosses of P. dilatata and P. aquilonis. Platanthera huronensis, which is found across North America, has multiple origins and reciprocal maternal parentage from the diploid species. By contrast, P. hyperborea, restricted to Greenland and Iceland, appears to have originated from a small founding population of hybrids in which P. dilatata was the maternal parent. Geographic structure was found among polyploid forms in North America. The area of Manitoba, Canada appears to be a contact zone among geographically diverse forms from eastern and western North America. Given the geographic and genetic variation found, we recommend continued recognition of four green-flowered species within this complex, but caution that there may be additional cryptic taxa within North America.

Behind the stage of a literary text. ‘Custom is despot among men’

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-83
Author(s):  
E. N. Tsimbaeva
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Skeletal System ◽  
World War ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fiction Writers

The article analyzes physical and physiological problems caused by fashionable clothing in the mid-18th to early 20th cc. that shaped people’s appearances and lifestyles in the past. Affecting the skeletal system and the functioning of internal organs and brain in particular and causing various illnesses, these problems went largely unrecognized by contemporaries, including writers, but would inevitably surface in literary works as part and parcel of everyday life. Without understanding their role, one may struggle to comprehend not only plot twists and characters’ motivations but also the mentality of the bygone era as portrayed in fiction. Chronologically, the research covers the period from the mid-18th c. to World War I. The author only focuses on so-called respectable society (a very tentative term that covers members of the aristocracy and other classes with comparable lifestyles), since it was this group which drew the most attention from fiction writers of the period. The scholar chose to concentrate on the kind of daily realia of ‘noble society’ that permeate works by Russian, English, French and, to some extent, German authors, considered most prominent in Europe at the time.

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