Increased competition does not lead to increased phylogenetic overdispersion in a native grassland

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1168-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan A. Bennett ◽  
Eric G. Lamb ◽  
Jocelyn C. Hall ◽  
Warren M. Cardinal-McTeague ◽  
James F. Cahill
Keyword(s):  
Native Grassland ◽  
Phylogenetic Overdispersion

scholarly journals Pyrogenic carbon in native grassland soils along a climosequence in North America

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Glaser ◽  
Wulf Amelung
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Grassland Soils ◽  
Pyrogenic Carbon ◽  
Native Grassland

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Spectral Resolution on Classification of Lowland Native Grassland Communities Based on Field Spectroscopy in Tasmania, Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany Melville ◽  
Arko Lucieer ◽  
Jagannath Aryal
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Resolution ◽  
Field Spectroscopy ◽  
Native Grassland ◽  
Grassland Communities ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Community Structure and Niche Differentiation in Termites of the Tropical Dry Forests of Colombia

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Robin Casalla Daza ◽  
Judith Korb
Keyword(s):  
Niche Differentiation ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Tropical Dry Forests ◽  
Diet Shift ◽  
Dry Forests ◽  
Phylogenetic Community Structure ◽  
Phylogenetic Overdispersion ◽  
Δ15n And Δ13c ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
The Tropics

The mechanisms that structure species communities are still debated. We addressed this question for termite assemblages from tropical dry forests in Colombia. These forests are endangered and poorly understood ecosystems and termites are important ecosystem engineers in the tropics. Using biodiversity and environmental data, combined with phylogenetic community analyses, trait mapping, and stable isotopes studies, we investigated the termite community composition of three protected dry forests in Colombia. Our data suggest that the structuring mechanisms differed between sites. Phylogenetic overdispersion of termite assemblages correlated with decreasing rainfall and elevation and increasing temperature. Food niche traits—classified as feeding groups and quantified by δ15N‰ and δ13C‰ isotope signatures—were phylogenetically conserved. Hence, the overdispersion pattern implies increasing interspecific competition with decreasing drier and warmer conditions, which is also supported by fewer species occurring at the driest site. Our results are in line with a hypothesis that decreased biomass production limits resource availability for termites, which leads to competition. Along with this comes a diet shift: termites from drier plots had higher δ13C signatures, reflecting higher δ13C values in the litter and more C4 plants. Our study shows how a phylogenetic community approach combined with trait analyses can contribute to gaining the first insights into mechanisms structuring whole termite assemblages.

EFFECTS OF INORGANIC NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZERS ON SELECTED SITES OF NATIVE GRASSLAND IN WESTERN CANADA

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Kilcher ◽  
S. Smoliak ◽  
W. A. Hubbard ◽  
A. Johnston ◽  
A. T. H. Gross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
First Year ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Native Grassland ◽  
Better Than

N, P, and N + P at 60, 26, and 60 + 26 lb per acre were applied on native grass sites during three successive years at seven, locations in Western Canada. Single applications of the N fertilizer resulted in 3- or 4-year total yield increases of 300 to 600 lb per acre at six locations. At Summerland the 3-year increase was nearly 1400 lb. Phosphorus fertilizer by itself provided very little yield increase. N + P gave yield increases that were only slightly better than those from N alone.Residual responses to fertilizer were important, especially in the 12- to 16-in. rainfall locations. Only about one-third of the total yield increase occurred in the first year, with the remainder coming in the subsequent seasons.Weeds, where present, showed a marked response to fertilizer N in the first season; in subsequent years the response largely disappeared.

The soil moisture regime under native grassland

Geoderma ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.De Jong ◽  
K.B. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Native Grassland

Message in a bottle: Inadvertent loss of seeds of native grassland species as a result of rudimentary long‐term storage

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-161
Author(s):  
John W. Morgan ◽  
Karina L. Salmon
Keyword(s):  
Grassland Species ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Native Grassland ◽  
Term Storage

scholarly journals The effects of changes in water and nitrogen availability on alien plant invasion into a stand of a native grassland species

Oecologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 188 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjie Liu ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Xingliang Xu ◽  
Yuqiang Tian ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Invasion ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Grassland Species ◽  
Native Grassland

scholarly journals Phylogenetic overdispersion of plant species in southern Brazilian savannas

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 843-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
IA. Silva ◽  
MA. Batalha
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Ecological Communities ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Phylogenetic Overdispersion

Ecological communities are the result of not only present ecological processes, such as competition among species and environmental filtering, but also past and continuing evolutionary processes. Based on these assumptions, we may infer mechanisms of contemporary coexistence from the phylogenetic relationships of the species in a community. We studied the phylogenetic structure of plant communities in four cerrado sites, in southeastern Brazil. We calculated two raw phylogenetic distances among the species sampled. We estimated the phylogenetic structure by comparing the observed phylogenetic distances to the distribution of phylogenetic distances in null communities. We obtained null communities by randomizing the phylogenetic relationships of the regional pool of species. We found a phylogenetic overdispersion of the cerrado species. Phylogenetic overdispersion has several explanations, depending on the phylogenetic history of traits and contemporary ecological interactions. However, based on coexistence models between grasses and trees, density-dependent ecological forces, and the evolutionary history of the cerrado flora, we argue that the phylogenetic overdispersion of cerrado species is predominantly due to competitive interactions, herbivores and pathogen attacks, and ecological speciation. Future studies will need to include information on the phylogenetic history of plant traits.

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