Scavenging Opportunities Modulate Escape Responses over a Small Geographic Scale

Ethology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Fleming ◽  
Philip W. Bateman
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Escape Responses ◽  
Small Geographic Scale

scholarly journals Local adaptation at a small geographic scale observed in Juniperus excelsa populations in southern Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-539
Author(s):  
C Yücedag ◽  
N Çiçek ◽  
O Gailing
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Juniperus Excelsa ◽  
Southern Turkey ◽  
Small Geographic Scale

scholarly journals Variation in trophic resources in female South American sea lions at a small geographic scale

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Florencia Grandi ◽  
Damián G. Vales ◽  
Enrique A. Crespo ◽  
Rocío Loizaga
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Sea Lions ◽  
Trophic Resources ◽  
Small Geographic Scale

Inbreeding depression in a rare deceptive orchid

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1181-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Baptiste Ferdy ◽  
Sandrine Loriot ◽  
Michel Sandmeier ◽  
Madeleine Lefranc ◽  
Christian Raquin
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Conservation Biology ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Genetic Load ◽  
Outcrossing Rate ◽  
Deleterious Mutations ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Deceptive Pollination ◽  
Inbreeding Level ◽  
Small Geographic Scale

We quantified inbreeding depression for seed maturation and germination in a deceptively pollinated orchid (Dactylorhiza praetermissa (Druce) Soó). Deceptive species do not provide any reward to their pollinators, which thus visit few flowers per plant. Therefore, deceptive species are predicted to experience high outcrossing. In agreement with the prediction that species with high outcrossing rate should possess a heavy genetic load, we demonstrated inbreeding depression in one of the populations we studied. More surprisingly, we found some evidence of inbreeding depression at a small geographic scale. This was not expected, as deceptive orchids generally disperse their pollen and their seeds over long distances. We also demonstrated that the position of a flower within an inflorescence interacts with the type of cross. This indicates that resource availability might modify how severely deleterious mutations affect reproductive success. This could also explain why the intensity of inbreeding depression seems, in the populations we studied, to be determined more by environmental factors than by inbreeding level, as estimated from molecular markers. Inferences in terms of conservation biology are drawn from these results.Key words: inbreeding depression, deceptive pollination, orchid, Dactylorhiza praetermissa.

scholarly journals Genetic variability and spatial distribution in small geographic scale of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) under different climatic conditions in Northeastern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizandra Makowski Steffler ◽  
Silvio Santana Dolabella ◽  
Paulo Eduardo Martins Ribolla ◽  
Carine Spenassatto Dreyer ◽  
Edilson Divino Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Small Geographic Scale

scholarly journals CUCKOO PARASITISM AND PRODUCTIVITY IN DIFFERENT MAGPIE SUBPOPULATIONS PREDICT FREQUENCIES OF THE 457bp ALLELE: A MOSAIC OF COEVOLUTION AT A SMALL GEOGRAPHIC SCALE

Evolution ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 2340-2348 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Martín-Gálvez ◽  
Juan J. Soler ◽  
Juan Gabriel Martínez ◽  
Andrew P. Krupa ◽  
Manuel Soler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Small Geographic Scale

scholarly journals A highly endemic area of Echinococcus multilocula is identified through a comparative re-assessment of prevalence in red fox (Vulpes vulpes), Alto Adige (Italy: 2019-2020)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Obber ◽  
Roberto Celva ◽  
Graziana Da Rold ◽  
Karin Trevisiol ◽  
Silvia Ravagnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
True Prevalence ◽  
Southern Border ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Small Geographic Scale ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Background: Surveillance of E. multilocularis at the edge of its range is hindered by fragmented distributional patterns and low prevalence and burden in definitive hosts. Thus, tests with adequate levels of sensitivity are especially important for discriminating between infected and non-infected areas. Aim: We reassessed the prevalence of E. multilocularis at the southern border of its distribution in Alto Adige (Italy), to improve surveillance in wildlife and provide more accurate estimates of exposure risk. Methods: We compared results from the diagnostic test currently implemented for surveillance (based on Coproscopy+Multiplex PCR - CMPCR), against a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) for 235 fox faeces collected in 2019-2020. The performances of the two tests were estimated using a scraping technique (SFCT) as the gold standard applied to the small intestines of a subsample (n=123) of the same hosts. True prevalence was calculated and sample size required by each faecal test for the detection of the parasite was then estimated. Results: True prevalence of E. multilocularis in foxes (14.3%) was definitely higher than reported in the last decade (never >5% from 2012 to 2018). The qPCR also had a higher sensitivity (83%) compared to CMPCR (21%). Agreement with the gold standard was far higher for qPCR (0.816) than CMPCR (0.298) as well, determining a smaller sample size required to detect the disease. Conclusions: Alto Adige should be considered a highly endemic area. Surveillance at the edges of E. multilocularis distribution should adopt qPCR diagnostics on definitive hosts on a small geographic scale.

Sexual dimorphism and age structure of the Montseny newt (Calotriton arnoldi)

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fèlix Amat ◽  
Neus Oromí ◽  
Delfí Sanuy ◽  
Salvador Carranza
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Similar Body ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Small Geographic Scale

Patterns of sexual dimorphism and age structure were investigated in two populations of the newtCalotriton arnoldi, endemic of the Montseny Massif (NE of the Iberian Peninsula). In contrast to the Pyrenean newt (Calotriton asper) sexual dimorphism in the Montseny brook newt is characterized by slightly larger females (60.3 ± 0.3 mm; maximum: 68 mm) than males (59.5 ± 0.2 mm; maximum: 64 mm) and more similar body shape between sexes. Both populations and sexes mature at the same age (3 years), show the same age structure and achieve similar longevity (8-9 years). Comparing our results with the framework of the variation of life-history traits inCalotriton, the Montseny newts exhibit fast sexual maturity and short longevity. Curiously, we have found a lack of covariation between age at sexual maturity, longevity and total body size in the populations ofCalotritonspecies. Only in males, age at sexual maturity seems to be affected by altitude, but in an unexpected way: sexual maturation is delayed in populations at low altitudes. Moreover, the age at sexual maturity does not differs between the populations where immatures are terrestrial vs. those where they remain aquatic. Our results suggest that life-history traits inCalotritonnewts could be determined by selective factors that play their role at small geographic scale.

Modeling Ambient Atmospheric Pollutants Concentrations in a French Urban Area, at a Small Geographic Scale

Epidemiology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (Suppl) ◽  
pp. S84-S85
Author(s):  
S Havard ◽  
C Schillinger ◽  
E Rivière ◽  
G Pedrono ◽  
O Laurent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Small Geographic Scale

scholarly journals Morphology and genetics reveal an intriguing pattern of differentiation at a very small geographic scale in a bird species, the forest thrush Turdus lherminieri

Heredity ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 514-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Arnoux ◽  
C Eraud ◽  
N Navarro ◽  
C Tougard ◽  
A Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Small Geographic Scale

Strong genetic differentiation on a small geographic scale in the Neotropical rainforest understory tree Paypayrola blanchetiana (Violaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Braun ◽  
Liliane Dantas ◽  
Tiago Esposito ◽  
Andrea Pedrosa-Harand
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Neotropical Rainforest ◽  
Understory Tree ◽  
Small Geographic Scale
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