Modeling Ambient Atmospheric Pollutants Concentrations in a French Urban Area, at a Small Geographic Scale

Epidemiology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (Suppl) ◽  
pp. S84-S85
Author(s):  
S Havard ◽  
C Schillinger ◽  
E Rivière ◽  
G Pedrono ◽  
O Laurent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Small Geographic Scale

scholarly journals High-resolution mapping of vehicle emissions of atmospheric pollutants based on large-scale, real-world traffic datasets

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daoyuan Yang ◽  
Shaojun Zhang ◽  
Tianlin Niu ◽  
Yunjie Wang ◽  
Honglei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Real World ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Link Model

Abstract. On-road vehicle emissions are a major contributor to elevated air pollution levels in populous metropolitan areas. We developed a link-level emissions inventory of vehicular pollutants, called EMBEV-Link, based on multiple datasets extracted from the extensive road traffic monitoring network that covers the entire municipality of Beijing, China (16 400 km2). We employed the EMBEV-Link model under various traffic scenarios to capture the significant variability in vehicle emissions, temporally and spatially, due to the real-world traffic dynamics and the traffic restrictions implemented by the local government. The results revealed high carbon monoxide (CO) and total hydrocarbon (THC) emissions in the urban area (i.e., within the Fifth Ring Road) and during rush hours, both associated with the passenger vehicle traffic. By contrast, considerable fractions of nitrogen oxides (NOX), fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon (BC) emissions were present beyond the urban area, as heavy-duty trucks (HDTs) were not allowed to drive through the urban area during daytime. The EMBEV-Link model indicates that non-local HDTs could for 29 % and 38 % of estimated total on-road emissions of NOX and PM2.5, which were ignored in previous conventional emission inventories. We further combined the EMBEV-Link emission inventory and a computationally efficient dispersion model, RapidAir®, to simulate vehicular NOX concentrations at fine resolutions (10 m × 10 m in the entire municipality and 1 m × 1 m in the hotspots). The simulated results indicated a close agreement with ground observations and captured sharp concentration gradients from line sources to ambient areas. During the nighttime when the HDT traffic restrictions are lifted, HDTs could be responsible for approximately 10 μg m−3 of NOX in the urban area. The uncertainties of conventional top-down allocation methods, which were widely used to enhance the spatial resolution of vehicle emissions, are also discussed by comparison with the EMBEV-Link emission inventory.

scholarly journals Variation in trophic resources in female South American sea lions at a small geographic scale

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Florencia Grandi ◽  
Damián G. Vales ◽  
Enrique A. Crespo ◽  
Rocío Loizaga
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Sea Lions ◽  
Trophic Resources ◽  
Small Geographic Scale

Inbreeding depression in a rare deceptive orchid

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1181-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Baptiste Ferdy ◽  
Sandrine Loriot ◽  
Michel Sandmeier ◽  
Madeleine Lefranc ◽  
Christian Raquin
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Conservation Biology ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Genetic Load ◽  
Outcrossing Rate ◽  
Deleterious Mutations ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Deceptive Pollination ◽  
Inbreeding Level ◽  
Small Geographic Scale

We quantified inbreeding depression for seed maturation and germination in a deceptively pollinated orchid (Dactylorhiza praetermissa (Druce) Soó). Deceptive species do not provide any reward to their pollinators, which thus visit few flowers per plant. Therefore, deceptive species are predicted to experience high outcrossing. In agreement with the prediction that species with high outcrossing rate should possess a heavy genetic load, we demonstrated inbreeding depression in one of the populations we studied. More surprisingly, we found some evidence of inbreeding depression at a small geographic scale. This was not expected, as deceptive orchids generally disperse their pollen and their seeds over long distances. We also demonstrated that the position of a flower within an inflorescence interacts with the type of cross. This indicates that resource availability might modify how severely deleterious mutations affect reproductive success. This could also explain why the intensity of inbreeding depression seems, in the populations we studied, to be determined more by environmental factors than by inbreeding level, as estimated from molecular markers. Inferences in terms of conservation biology are drawn from these results.Key words: inbreeding depression, deceptive pollination, orchid, Dactylorhiza praetermissa.

scholarly journals Genetic variability and spatial distribution in small geographic scale of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) under different climatic conditions in Northeastern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizandra Makowski Steffler ◽  
Silvio Santana Dolabella ◽  
Paulo Eduardo Martins Ribolla ◽  
Carine Spenassatto Dreyer ◽  
Edilson Divino Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Small Geographic Scale

Scavenging Opportunities Modulate Escape Responses over a Small Geographic Scale

Ethology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Fleming ◽  
Philip W. Bateman
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Escape Responses ◽  
Small Geographic Scale

scholarly journals CUCKOO PARASITISM AND PRODUCTIVITY IN DIFFERENT MAGPIE SUBPOPULATIONS PREDICT FREQUENCIES OF THE 457bp ALLELE: A MOSAIC OF COEVOLUTION AT A SMALL GEOGRAPHIC SCALE

Evolution ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 2340-2348 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Martín-Gálvez ◽  
Juan J. Soler ◽  
Juan Gabriel Martínez ◽  
Andrew P. Krupa ◽  
Manuel Soler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Small Geographic Scale

scholarly journals ESTIMACIÓN DE LAS EMISIONES DE CONTAMINANTES ATMOSFÉRICOS PROVENIENTES DE FUENTES MÓVILES EN EL ÁREA URBANA DE ENVIGADO, COLOMBIA (ESTIMATION OF THE EMISSIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS FROM MOBILE SOURCES IN THE URBAN AREA OF ENVIGADO, COLOMBIA)

Revista EIA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Londoño ◽  
Mauricio Andrés Correa ◽  
Carlos Alberto Palacio
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Las Vegas ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Mobile Sources ◽  
Vehicle Category ◽  
Gis System ◽  
Best Fit

Este trabajo de investigación presenta los resultados de la estimación de contaminantes atmosféricos (CO, NOx, SO2, PM10 y COV) provenientes de fuentes móviles en la zona urbana del municipio de Envigado para el año 2010. Se utilizó información de vehículos matriculados en el municipio, aforos, distribución y actividad vehiculares. Las emisiones fueron estimadas mediante los factores establecidos en el método IVE que mejor se ajustaron a los patrones de movilidad, características del parque automotor y tipo de combustibles presentes en la zona de estudio. Como resultado, fue posible estimar las emisiones horarias y diarias de los contaminantes analizados, y con la ayuda de un sistema SIG, se representaron gráficamente. A partir de los resultados, se evidenció que las mayores emisiones se presentaron sobre las vías con mayor tránsito vehicular (Carrera 50 o Avenida Regional, carrera 48 o Avenida Las Vegas, carrera 43A o Avenida El Poblado y vía paralela a la quebrada La Ayurá); el mayor aporte lo hace el monóxido de carbono (CO) con 18,4 t d-1 (71,3 %), la hora del día con mayor emisión de este contaminante es las 12:00 horas con 1,4 t h-1 (7,4 %) y la categoría vehicular que más aporta a los niveles ambientales con este contaminante es Autos con 8,3 ton d-1 (32,7 %).Abstract: This research presents the results of estimates of air pollutants (CO, NOx, SO2, PM10 and VOC) from mobile sources in the urban area of the municipality of Envigado for 2010. We use information on vehicles registered in the municipality, capacity, vehicular distribution and activity for categories. The emissions were estimated by the factors in the IVE method with best fit to the mobility patterns, vehicular fleet characteristics and type of combustibles in the area under study. As a result, it was possible to estimate hourly and daily emissions of the pollutants studied, and with the help of a GIS system, were plotted. From the results, we found that the largest releases occurred on roads with higher vehicle traffic (Carrera 50 or Avenue Regional, Carrera 48 or Avenue Las Vegas, Carrera 43A or Avenue El Poblado and road parallel to the stream La Ayurá), where the largest contribution does carbon monoxide (CO) with 18,4 t d-1 (71,3 %), time of day which showed the highest emission of this pollutant is at 12:00 hours with 1,4 t h-1 (7,4 %) and the vehicle category that most contributes to environmental levels are Automobile with 8 t d-1 (32,7 %).

scholarly journals A highly endemic area of Echinococcus multilocula is identified through a comparative re-assessment of prevalence in red fox (Vulpes vulpes), Alto Adige (Italy: 2019-2020)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Obber ◽  
Roberto Celva ◽  
Graziana Da Rold ◽  
Karin Trevisiol ◽  
Silvia Ravagnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
True Prevalence ◽  
Southern Border ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Small Geographic Scale ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Background: Surveillance of E. multilocularis at the edge of its range is hindered by fragmented distributional patterns and low prevalence and burden in definitive hosts. Thus, tests with adequate levels of sensitivity are especially important for discriminating between infected and non-infected areas. Aim: We reassessed the prevalence of E. multilocularis at the southern border of its distribution in Alto Adige (Italy), to improve surveillance in wildlife and provide more accurate estimates of exposure risk. Methods: We compared results from the diagnostic test currently implemented for surveillance (based on Coproscopy+Multiplex PCR - CMPCR), against a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) for 235 fox faeces collected in 2019-2020. The performances of the two tests were estimated using a scraping technique (SFCT) as the gold standard applied to the small intestines of a subsample (n=123) of the same hosts. True prevalence was calculated and sample size required by each faecal test for the detection of the parasite was then estimated. Results: True prevalence of E. multilocularis in foxes (14.3%) was definitely higher than reported in the last decade (never >5% from 2012 to 2018). The qPCR also had a higher sensitivity (83%) compared to CMPCR (21%). Agreement with the gold standard was far higher for qPCR (0.816) than CMPCR (0.298) as well, determining a smaller sample size required to detect the disease. Conclusions: Alto Adige should be considered a highly endemic area. Surveillance at the edges of E. multilocularis distribution should adopt qPCR diagnostics on definitive hosts on a small geographic scale.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document