How mountains shape biodiversity: The role of the Andes in biogeography, diversification, and reproductive biology in South America's most species‐rich lizard radiation (Squamata: Liolaemidae)

The hermaphrodite duct of pulmonate snails connects the ovotestis to the fertilization pouch. The duct is typically divided into three zones; aproximal duct which leaves the ovotestis, the middle duct (seminal vesicle) and the distal ovotestis duct. The seminal vesicle forms the major portion of the duct and is thought to store sperm prior to copulation. In addition the duct may also play a role in sperm maturation and degredation. Although the structure of the seminal vesicle has been described for a number of snails at the light microscope level there appear to be only two descriptions of the ultrastructure of this tissue. Clearly if the role of the hermaphrodite duct in the reproductive biology of pulmonatesis to be understood, knowledge of its fine structure is required.Hermaphrodite ducts, both containing and lacking sperm, of species of the terrestrial pulmonate genera Sphincterochila, Levantina, and Helix and the marine pulmonate genus Siphonaria were prepared for transmission electron microscopy by standard techniques.

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Majolica in the Early Colonial Andes: The Role of Panamanian Wares

Latin American Antiquity ◽

10.2307/971756 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 45-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Ross W. Jamieson

Keyword(s):

Spanish Colonial ◽

Important Indicator ◽

The Andes ◽

Early Colonial ◽

The Pacific ◽

Elite Status ◽

Set Up ◽

The City ◽

Made In

As one of the most common artifact categories found on Spanish colonial sites, the wheel-made, tin-glazed pottery known as majolica is an important chronological and social indicator for archaeologists. Initially imported from Europe, several manufacturing centers for majolica were set up in the New World by the late sixteenth century. The study of colonial majolica in the Viceroyalty of Peru, which encompassed much of South America, has received less attention than ceramic production and trade in the colonial Caribbean and Mesoamerica. Prior to 1650 the Viceroyalty of Peru was supplied with majolica largely produced in the city of Panama Vieja, on the Pacific. Panama Vieja majolica has been recovered from throughout the Andes, as far south as Argentina. Majolica made in Panama Vieja provides an important chronological indicator of early colonial archaeological contexts in the region. The reproduction of Iberian-style majolica for use on elite tables was symbolically important to the imposition of Spanish rule, and thus Panamanian majolicas also provide an important indicator of elite status on Andean colonial sites.

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The role of dispersal for shaping phylogeographical structure of flightless beetles from the Andes

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.7226 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. e7226 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sofia I. Muñoz-Tobar ◽

Michael S. Caterino

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Gene ◽

Ground Beetle ◽

Population Level ◽

Population Subdivision ◽

Dispersal Ability ◽

Population Isolation ◽

Small Areas ◽

Maximum Entropy Models ◽

The Andes

Background Páramo is a tropical alpine ecosystem present in the northern Andes. Its patchy distribution imposes limits and barriers to specialist inhabitants. We aim to assess the effects of this habitat distribution on divergence across two independently flightless ground beetle lineages, in the genera Dyscolus and Dercylus. Methods One nuclear and one mitochondrial gene from 110 individuals from 10 sites across the two lineages were sequenced and analyzed using a combination of phylogenetics, population genetic analyses, and niche modeling methods. Results The two lineages show different degrees of population subdivision. Low levels of gene flow were found in Dyscolus alpinus, where one dominant haplotype is found in four out of the six populations analyzed for both molecular markers. However, complete population isolation was revealed in species of the genus Dercylus, where high levels of differentiation exist at species and population level for both genes. Maximum entropy models of species in the Dercylus lineage show overlapping distributions. Still, species distributions appear to be restricted to small areas across the Andes. Conclusion Even though both beetle lineages are flightless, the dispersal ability of each beetle lineage appears to influence the genetic diversity across fragmented páramo populations, where Dyscolus alpinus appears to be a better disperser than species in the genus Dercylus.

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Role of Kisspeptin in Puberty in Humans

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jammr/2020/v32i1230545 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 92-97

Author(s):

Ravi Kant ◽

Mahendra Kumar Meena

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Biology ◽

Conventional Treatment ◽

Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism ◽

Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽

Pilot Studies ◽

Releasing Hormone ◽

Infertile Couples ◽

Stimulating Hormone

Kisspeptin or GPR-54 is a product of KISS 1 gene regulating the production of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), luteinizing (LH) as well follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Both LH and FSH are important hormones for reproduction in animals as well in humans. The recognition of Kisspeptin has a landmark bearing in reproductive biology. Few recent pilot studies have convincingly proven it to be a promising molecule in treating infertile couples especially those having hypogonadotropic hypogonadism not responding to conventional treatment.

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