On the Condition of the Intramural Ganglia in the Stomach in Cases of Gastritis

The distribution and function of P2X and P2Y receptor subtypes were investigated on intact or cultured intramural ganglia of the cat urinary bladder by immunocytochemistry and calcium-imaging techniques, respectively. Neurons were labeled by all seven P2X receptor subtype antibodies and antibodies for P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y6, and P2Y12 receptor subtypes with a staining intensity of immunoreactivity in the following order: P2X3=P2Y2=P2Y4=P2Y6=P2Y12>P2X1=P2X2=P2X4>P2X5=P2X6=P2X7. P2Y1 receptor antibodies labeled glial cells, but not neurons. P2X3 and P2Y4 polyclonal antibodies labeled ∼95 and 40% of neurons, respectively. Double staining showed that 100, 48.8, and 97.4% of P2X3 receptor-positive neurons coexpressed choline acetyl transferase (ChAT), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and neurofilament 200 (NF200), respectively, whereas 100, 59.2, and 97.6% of P2Y4 receptor-positive neurons coexpressed ChAT, NOS, and NF200, respectively. Application of ATP, α,β-methylene ATP, and uridine triphosphate elevated intracellular Ca2+ concentration in a subpopulation of dissociated cultured cat intramural ganglia neurons, demonstrating the presence of functional P2Y4 and P2X3 receptors. This study indicates that P2X and P2Y receptor subtypes are expressed by cholinergic parasympathetic neurons innervating the urinary bladder. The neurons were also stained for NF200, usually regarded as a marker for large sensory neurons. These novel histochemical properties of cholinergic neurons in the cat bladder suggest that the parasympathetic pathways to the cat bladder may be modulated by complex purinergic synaptic mechanisms.

Download Full-text

Differentiation of intramural ganglia in the dissociated rectosigmoid of the rat: An organ culture study

Journal of Pediatric Surgery ◽

10.1016/0022-3468(77)90608-x ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 969-975 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Yasuo Ito ◽

Patricia K. Donahoe ◽

W.Hardy Hendren

Keyword(s):

Organ Culture ◽

Culture Study ◽

Intramural Ganglia

Download Full-text

Intramural ganglia in diverticular disease of the colon

Journal of Clinical Pathology ◽

10.1136/jcp.18.1.40 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 40-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

W. A. A. G. Macbeth ◽

J. H. R. Hawthorne

Keyword(s):

Diverticular Disease ◽

Intramural Ganglia

Download Full-text

Chemical coding of zinc-enriched neurons in the intramural ganglia of the porcine jejunum

Cell and Tissue Research ◽

10.1007/s00441-012-1486-5 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 350 (2) ◽

pp. 215-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Joanna Wojtkiewicz ◽

Maciej Równiak ◽

Robert Crayton ◽

Mariusz Majewski ◽

Sławomir Gonkowski

Keyword(s):

Chemical Coding ◽

Intramural Ganglia

Download Full-text

Nerve transfer for restoration of lower motor neuron-lesioned bladder function. Part 3: Correlation between histological changes and nerve evoked contractions

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00300.2020 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mary F Barbe ◽

Courtney L Testa ◽

Geneva E. Cruz ◽

Nagat Frara ◽

Ekta Tiwari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Contractile Function ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Bladder Function ◽

Detrusor Muscle ◽

Axon Density ◽

Spinal Roots ◽

One Year ◽

Intramural Ganglia ◽

Stimulation Of

We determined the effect of pelvic organ decentralization and reinnervation one year later on urinary bladder histology and function. Nineteen canines underwent decentralization by bilateral transection of all coccygeal and sacral (S) spinal roots, dorsal roots of lumbar (L)7 and hypogastric nerves. After exclusions, 8 were reinnervated 12 months post-decentralization with obturator-to-pelvic and sciatic-to-pudendal nerve transfers, then euthanized 8-12 months later; four served as long-term decentralized only animals. Before euthanasia, pelvic or transferred nerves and L1-S3 spinal roots were stimulated and maximum detrusor pressure (MDP) recorded. Bladder specimens were collected for histological and ex vivo smooth muscle contractility studies. Both reinnervated and decentralized animals showed less or denuded urothelium, fewer intramural ganglia, and more inflammation and collagen, than controls, although percent muscle was maintained. In reinnervated animals, pgp9.5+ axon density was higher, compared to decentralized animals. Ex vivo smooth muscle contractions in response to KCl correlated positively with submucosal inflammation, detrusor muscle thickness, pgp9.5+ axon density. In vivo, reinnervated animals showed higher MDP after stimulation of L1-L6 roots, compared to their transected L7-S3 roots, and reinnervated and decentralized animals showed lower MDP than controls after stimulation of nerves (due likely to fibrotic nerve encapsulation). MDP correlated negatively with detrusor collagen and inflammation, and positively with pgp9.5+ axon density and intramural ganglia numbers. These results demonstrate that bladder function can be improved by transfer of obturator nerves to pelvic nerves at one year after decentralization, although the fibrosis and inflammation that developed were associated with decreased contractile function.

Download Full-text

PGE2 hyperpolarizes gallbladder neurons and inhibits synaptic potentials in gallbladder ganglia

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1998.274.3.g493 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 274 (3) ◽

pp. G493-G502 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Lee J. Jennings ◽

Gary M. Mawe

Keyword(s):

Action Potentials ◽

Input Resistance ◽

Gallbladder Motility ◽

Resting Membrane Potential ◽

Prostaglandin E ◽

Synaptic Potentials ◽

Current Pulses ◽

Spontaneous Action ◽

Spontaneous Action Potentials ◽

Intramural Ganglia

Gallbladder prostaglandin E2(PGE2) levels are significantly elevated in pathophysiological conditions, resulting in changes in gallbladder motility or secretion that may involve actions of the prostanoid in intramural ganglia. This study was undertaken to examine the effects of PGE2 on neurons of the intramural ganglia of the guinea pig gallbladder. Application of PGE2 by microejection or superfusion elicited a complex triphasic change in the resting membrane potential (RMP). For example, application of PGE2 by microejection (100 μM) resulted in a brief hyperpolarization (mean duration 11.1 ± 1.3 s), followed by a mid-phase repolarization toward or above RMP (mean duration 50.7 ± 8.1 s), and finally a long-lasting hyperpolarization (mean duration 157.3 ± 36.7 s). Associated with these PGE2-evoked alterations in RMP were changes in input resistance measured via injection of hyperpolarizing current pulses. An examination of the action potential afterhyperpolarization (AHP) during the PGE2-evoked response revealed an attenuation of both the amplitude and duration of the AHP. However, only a slight increase in excitability of gallbladder neurons in the presence of PGE2 was evident in response to depolarizing current pulses, and PGE2 did not cause the cells to fire spontaneous action potentials. Application of PGE2 reduced the amplitudes of both fast and slow excitatory synaptic potentials. These results suggest that increased prostaglandin production may decrease ganglionic output and therefore contribute to gallbladder stasis.

Download Full-text