Tracing geographical patterns of population differentiation in a widespread mangrove gastropod: genetic and geometric morphometrics surveys along the eastern African coast

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Madeira ◽  
Maria Judite Alves ◽  
Natacha Mesquita ◽  
Sara Ema Silva ◽  
José Paula
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Population Differentiation ◽  
Geographical Patterns ◽  
African Coast

scholarly journals Genomics of population differentiation in humpback dolphins, Sousa spp. in the Indo-Pacific Ocea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana R Amaral ◽  
Cátia Chanfana ◽  
Brian D Smith ◽  
Rubaiyat Mansur ◽  
Tim Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Population Differentiation ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Population Genomics ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
African Coast ◽  
Fundamental Process ◽  
High Level

Abstract Speciation is a fundamental process in evolution and crucial to the formation of biodiversity. It is a continuous and complex process, which can involve multiple interacting barriers leading to heterogeneous genomic landscapes with various peaks of divergence among populations. In this study, we used a population genomics approach to gain insights on the speciation process and to understand the population structure within the genus Sousa across its distribution in the Indo-Pacifc region. We found 5 distinct clusters, corresponding to S. plumbea along the eastern African coast and the Arabian Sea, the Bangladesh population, S. chinensis off Thailand and S. sahulensis off Australian waters. We suggest that the high level of differentiation found, even across geographically close areas, is likely determined by different oceanographic features such as sea surface temperature and primary productivity.

scholarly journals Rates of population differentiation and speciation are decoupled in sea snakes

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 20180563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte R. Nitschke ◽  
Mathew Hourston ◽  
Vinay Udyawer ◽  
Kate L. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Population Differentiation ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Ecological Specialization ◽  
Species Diversification ◽  
Geographical Patterns ◽  
Sea Snakes ◽  
Rapid Speciation ◽  
Geographical Population ◽  
Geographical Scale ◽  
Speciation Rates

Comparative phylogeography can inform many macroevolutionary questions, such as whether species diversification is limited by rates of geographical population differentiation. We examined the link between population genetic structure and species diversification in the fully aquatic sea snakes (Hydrophiinae) by comparing mitochondrial phylogeography across northern Australia in 16 species from two closely related clades that show contrasting diversification dynamics. Contrary to expectations from theory and several empirical studies, our results show that, at the geographical scale studied here, rates of population differentiation and speciation are not positively linked in sea snakes. The eight species sampled from the rapidly speciating Hydrophis clade have weak population differentiation that lacks geographical structure. By contrast, all eight sampled Aipysurus–Emydocephalus species show clear geographical patterns and many deep intraspecific splits, but have threefold slower speciation rates. Alternative factors, such as ecological specialization, species duration and geographical range size, may underlie rapid speciation in sea snakes.

Is there a regional culture in Russia? Opportunities of using a sociocultural approach in economics

2020 ◽  
pp. 108-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Bryzgalin ◽  
Е. N. Nikishina
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Regional Culture ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Geographical Patterns ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Sociocultural Approach ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Russian Universities

The paper investigates cross-cultural differences across Russian regions using the methodology of G. Hofstede. First, it discusses the most common approaches in measuring culture and the application of the Hofstede methodology in subnational studies. It identifies the critical issues in measuring culture at the regional level and suggests several strategies to address them. Secondly, the paper introduces subregional data on individualism and uncertainty avoidance using a survey of students across 27 Russian universities. The data allow to establish geographical patterns of individualism in Russia. It is demonstrated that collectivism is most prevalent in the Volga region, while individualism characteristic becomes stronger towards the Far East. The findings are robust to the inclusion of various controls and different specifications of the regression model. Finally, the paper provides a discussion about the potential of applying the sociocultural approach in economics.

Macroinvertebrate variability between microhabitats of peritidal stromatolites along the South African coast

2018 ◽  
Vol 605 ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Weston ◽  
R Perissinotto ◽  
GM Rishworth ◽  
PP Steyn
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
The South ◽  
African Coast

Understanding genetic diversity, structure and population differentiation in selected wild species and cultivated Indian and exotic rose varieties based on microsatellite allele frequencies

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparna . Veluru ◽  
Kanwar P. Singh ◽  
Namita . . ◽  
Sapna . Panwar ◽  
Gayacharan . . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Population Differentiation ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Rosa Hybrida ◽  
Population Subdivision ◽  
Nutraceutical Compounds ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Admixture Population

Roses are the most important commercial ornamental plants grown for flowers, perfumery and nutraceutical compounds. Commercially cultivated roses (Rosa × hybrida L.) are complex interspecific hybrids probably derived from 8-10 wild species among the large diversity of 130-200 species in genus Rosa. Wild germplasm is a primary source of variability and plays a major role in improving existing varieties by broadening their genetic base. In the present investigation, we have utilized the previously identified SSR primers for studying the diversity among 148 selected rose genotypes, including wild species and cultivated varieties of Indian and exotic origin. A total of 88 alleles was scored using 30 polymorphic loci; they produced average 2.9±1 alleles per locus. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values for different SSR loci ranged from 0.08 to 0.8 with a mean value of 0.5±0.2. The neighbor-joining tree generated based on Nei’s (1978) genetic distance values grouped the population into three major clusters. Cluster-I and II consists of all modern rose cultivars (Rosa × hybrida L.) originated from India and cluster-III consists of all exotic cultivars, wild species and a few cultivars from India. STRUCTURE analysis based on microsatellite allelic data, partitioned the total rose genotypes into four different sub-populations with some individual genotypes having genomic admixture. Population subdivision estimates, FST between different subpopulations ranged from 0.01-0.15 indicates low to moderate level of divergence existing among the rose cultivars and germplasm. Population differentiation in rose cultivars and wild species corresponds to their geographical origin and lineages. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) results revealed that 83.12 % of the variance was accounted for by within sub-groups followed by significant levels of variation among the populations (10.42%) and least variance (6.46%) was noticed among individuals within groups.

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