Behavioural and physiological responses of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis to midwinter flow reduction in a small ice-free mountain stream

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 707-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Krimmer ◽  
A. J. Paul ◽  
A. Hontela ◽  
J. B. Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Mountain Stream ◽  
Flow Reduction

scholarly journals Molecular and physiological responses predict acclimation limits in juvenile brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 224 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa E. Mackey ◽  
Caleb T. Hasler ◽  
Travis Durhack ◽  
Jennifer D. Jeffrey ◽  
Camille J. Macnaughton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Heat Shock Protein 90 ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Muscle Lactate ◽  
Air Exposure

ABSTRACT Understanding the resilience of ectotherms to high temperatures is essential because of the influence of climate change on aquatic ecosystems. The ability of species to acclimate to high temperatures may determine whether populations can persist in their native ranges. We examined physiological and molecular responses of juvenile brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) to six acclimation temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 23 and 25°C) that span the thermal distribution of the species to predict acclimation limits. Brook trout exhibited an upregulation of stress-related mRNA transcripts (heat shock protein 90-beta, heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein, glutathione peroxidase 1) and downregulation of transcription factors and osmoregulation-related transcripts (nuclear protein 1, Na+/K+/2Cl− co-transporter-1-a) at temperatures ≥20°C. We then examined the effects of acclimation temperature on metabolic rate (MR) and physiological parameters in fish exposed to an acute exhaustive exercise and air exposure stress. Fish acclimated to temperatures ≥20°C exhibited elevated plasma cortisol and glucose, and muscle lactate after exposure to the acute stress. Fish exhibited longer MR recovery times at 15 and 20°C compared with the 5 and 10°C groups; however, cortisol levels remained elevated at temperatures ≥20°C after 24 h. Oxygen consumption in fish acclimated to 23°C recovered quickest after exposure to acute stress. Standard MR was highest and factorial aerobic scope was lowest for fish held at temperatures ≥20°C. Our findings demonstrate how molecular and physiological responses predict acclimation limits in a freshwater fish as the brook trout in the present study had a limited ability to acclimate to temperatures beyond 20°C.

Movement, Growth, and Survival in a Stream Population of Wild Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) During a Period of Removal of Non-Trout Species

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1359-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Flick ◽  
Dwight A. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Mountain Stream ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Annual Survival ◽  
Adirondack Mountain

No well-defined changes in growth and survival rates of native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were detected during a 13-yr period when non-trout species were removed from a small Adirondack Mountain stream using fixed traps located throughout the system. The catch of non-trout species was about 124,000 weighing 2000 kg, and of trout, 13,000, weighing 500 kg. Slow growth characterized the population through this time, with mean lengths of 13.2, 17.3, and 21.3 cm at ages I+, II+, and III+, respectively. The weighted annual survival rate for ages II–V was 18%, with most deaths due to natural causes. The most striking observation was virtual cessation of movement of both trout and non-trout species after 7 yr, suggesting that the removal program had an effect on population behavior, even if it was not reflected in an improvement in trout growth.

Determinants of Diet of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in a Mountain Stream

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. David Allan
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Mountain Stream ◽  
Invertebrate Drift ◽  
Prey Choice ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Numerical Abundance ◽  
June July ◽  
Time Of Feeding

Feeding rates, time of feeding, and prey choice of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were studied in Cement Creek, Colorado, in 1975–77. On each of five dates from early June to late September, I collected trout at intervals over a 24-h period, along with samples of invertebrate drift and benthos. Although substantial individual variation was observed in time of feeding and prey choice, feeding during the day appeared to predominate. The period of peak feeding shifted from 18:00–22:00 in June–July to earlier hours in August–September. The average number of prey per predator declined over the season and trout relied more heavily on terrestrial forms as aquatic taxa became more rare. The weight of food eaten per day was ~3–4 × the average amount observed per stomach.The numerical abundance of prey in the diet was significantly correlated with abundance of prey in the drift. Except for a few trout which ingested large, rare prey, this was also true for prey composition by biomass. Large taxa tended to be consistently overrepresented in trout diet and small taxa underrepresented. Several prey species shifted from underrepresentation in trout diets to overrepresentation as they grew in size. Abundance and size of prey, along with individual specialization by trout presumably as a result of experience, are suggested as primary determinants of trout diet.Key words: brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis; stream, predator-prey, aquatic insects

Parasite-induced susceptibility to predation in diplostomiasis

Parasitology ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Brassard ◽  
M. E. Rau ◽  
M. A. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Induced Susceptibility ◽  
Diplostomum Spathaceum

Guppies (Lebistes reticulatis) exposed to doses as low as 25 cercariae of Diplostomum spathaceum for 30 min were consistently and significantly more susceptible to predation by brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) than uninfected controls. The increase in susceptibility to predation was correlated with a marked decrease in the activity of infected fish.

scholarly journals Brook trout passage performance through culverts

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa Goerig ◽  
Theodore Castro-Santos ◽  
Normand Émile Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Passive Integrated Transponder ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
Corrugated Metal

Culverts can restrict access to habitat for stream-dwelling fishes. We used passive integrated transponder telemetry to quantify passage performance of >1000 wild brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) attempting to pass 13 culverts in Quebec under a range of hydraulic and environmental conditions. Several variables influenced passage success, including complex interactions between physiology and behavior, hydraulics, and structural characteristics. The probability of successful passage was greater through corrugated metal culverts than through smooth ones, particularly among smaller fish. Trout were also more likely to pass at warmer temperatures, but this effect diminished above 15 °C. Passage was impeded at higher flows, through culverts with steep slopes, and those with deep downstream pools. This study provides insight on factors influencing brook trout capacity to pass culverts as well as a model to estimate passage success under various conditions, with an improved resolution and accuracy over existing approaches. It also presents methods that could be used to investigate passage success of other species, with implications for connectivity of the riverscape.

Food Specialization By Individual Trout

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1615-1624 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Bryan ◽  
P. A. Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Potential Prey ◽  
Repeated Observation ◽  
Size Growth ◽  
Salmo Clarki

Analyses of stomach contents showed that the kinds of prey eaten by brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki), and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were seldom distributed at random among the individuals. Repeated observation of food eaten by individuals in a stream and ponds showed that prey types were eaten in proportions which were characteristic for an individual.Specialization occurred on several different kinds of prey. Although the degree of specialization was higher during shorter intervals, the data suggested that some specialization persisted for half a year. There were no striking correlations between degree of specialization and other individual properties such as size, growth rate, weight of food, number of food items, previous specialization, or area of recapture.In addition to the observations on trout in relatively undisturbed habitats, a field experiment was conducted using laboratory-reared rainbow trout held in small ponds. The food of each trout in the experiment was sampled repeatedly. In analysis of variance, interaction among the individuals and kinds of prey eaten showed that food specialization occurred. Both the absolute and relative abundance of potential prey were constant during the experiment.

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