scholarly journals Vested Interests in Addiction Research and Policy
Alcohol policies out of context: drinks industry supplanting government role in alcohol policies in sub-Saharan Africa

Addiction ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
ØYstein Bakke ◽  
Dag Endal
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Alcohol Policies ◽  
Government Role ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Global and regional impacts of alcohol use on public health: Emphasis on alcohol policies

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 652-661
Author(s):  
Seung Ha Park ◽  
Dong Joon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
Alcohol Policies ◽  
Alcohol Control ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Harmful Use ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Harmful Use Of Alcohol

Alcohol is a well-known risk factor for premature morbidity and mortality. The per capita alcohol consumption of the world’s population rose from 5.5 L in 2005 to 6.4 L in 2010 and was still at the level of 6.4 L in 2016. Alcohol-attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) declined from 2000 to 2016 by 17.9% and 14.5%, respectively. However, these gains observed in the alcohol-attributable burden have proportionally not kept pace with the total health gains during the same period. In 2016, 3.0 million deaths worldwide and 132 million DALYs were attributable to alcohol, responsible for 5.3% of all deaths and 5.0% of all DALYs. These burdens are the highest in the regions of Eastern Europe and sub-Saharan Africa. The alcohol-attributable burden is particularly heavy among young adults, accounting for 7.2% of all premature mortalities. Among the disease categories to which alcohol is related, injuries, digestive diseases, and cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of the alcohol-attributable burden. To reduce the harmful use of alcohol in a country, the ‘whole of government’ and ‘whole of society’ approaches are required with the implementation of evidence-based alcohol control policies, the pursuit of public health priorities, and the adoption of appropriate policies over a long period of time. In this review, we summarize previous efforts to investigate the alcohol-attributable disease burden and the best ways to protect against harmful use of alcohol and promote health.

Developing Countries, Economic Development, and Markets

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Eleanor M. Fox ◽  
Mor Bakhoum
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
The People ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

This chapter discusses economic development and markets in developing countries, with a focus on sub-Saharan Africa. Developing countries, especially lower-income developing countries with low rates of growth, share key characteristics and challenges. Huge portions of their populations live below the poverty line. The markets are generally highly concentrated with high barriers to entry, and state ownership—with privileges granted by the state—is pervasive. In order to provide the people with the necessities of life, developing countries need economic growth; in order to provide equity and spur development, they need inclusive, sustainable economic growth, consistent with equity. The chapter then describes two forms of market policy: antitrust law, which prohibits and removes restraints by market actors who engage in harmful conduct such as conspiracies to raise prices and bar entry by competitors, and surrounding restraints that are not violations of law but do the same thing: raise prices, barricade entry, and favor vested interests.

Executive dominance and the politics of quota representation in Uganda

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragnhild L. Muriaas ◽  
Vibeke Wang
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Quota System ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Interest Representation ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Marginalised Groups ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Resistance Movement

ABSTRACTQuota policies securing the presence of marginalised groups in decision-making bodies have been adopted across sub-Saharan Africa. These policies are frequently understood through the lens of a pluralist perspective. This stance is not appropriate in African regimes characterised by executive dominance. Through a qualitative study of official documents, newspaper articles and interviews conducted during two field studies in Uganda in 2005 and 2010, this article shows how the understanding of quota policies in Africa may gain from the corporatist debate on interest representation. The analysis reveals that the incumbent National Resistance Movement has employed the reserved seat policy strategically to maintain its dominant position, and that strategies for using the quota system have evolved gradually over time in response to key political events, and the interests of group activists at the local and national levels with vested interests in its survival.

RTS,S/AS01, a vaccine targeting pre-erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-537
Author(s):  
Lorenz von Seidlein ◽  
Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn ◽  
Podjanee Jittmala ◽  
Sasithon Pukrittayakamee
Keyword(s):  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Pivotal Phase ◽  
Malaria Epidemiology ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Sub Saharan

RTS,S/AS01 is the most advanced vaccine to prevent malaria. It is safe and moderately effective. A large pivotal phase III trial in over 15 000 young children in sub-Saharan Africa completed in 2014 showed that the vaccine could protect around one-third of children (aged 5–17 months) and one-fourth of infants (aged 6–12 weeks) from uncomplicated falciparum malaria. The European Medicines Agency approved licensing and programmatic roll-out of the RTSS vaccine in malaria endemic countries in sub-Saharan Africa. WHO is planning further studies in a large Malaria Vaccine Implementation Programme, in more than 400 000 young African children. With the changing malaria epidemiology in Africa resulting in older children at risk, alternative modes of employment are under evaluation, for example the use of RTS,S/AS01 in older children as part of seasonal malaria prophylaxis. Another strategy is combining mass drug administrations with mass vaccine campaigns for all age groups in regional malaria elimination campaigns. A phase II trial is ongoing to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the RTSS in combination with antimalarial drugs in Thailand. Such novel approaches aim to extract the maximum benefit from the well-documented, short-lasting protective efficacy of RTS,S/AS01.

Mortality and Society in Sub-Saharan Africa

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-556
Author(s):  
Lado Ruzicka
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

Adolescent Suicidality as Seen in Rural Northeastern Uganda

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Kinyanda ◽  
Ruth Kizza ◽  
Jonathan Levin ◽  
Sheila Ndyanabangi ◽  
Catherine Abbo
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: Suicidal behavior in adolescence is a public health concern and has serious consequences for adolescents and their families. There is, however, a paucity of data on this subject from sub-Saharan Africa, hence the need for this study. Aims: A cross-sectional multistage survey to investigate adolescent suicidality among other things was undertaken in rural northeastern Uganda. Methods: A structured protocol administered by trained psychiatric nurses collected information on sociodemographics, mental disorders (DSM-IV criteria), and psychological and psychosocial risk factors for children aged 3–19 years (N = 1492). For the purposes of this paper, an analysis of a subsample of adolescents (aged 10–19 years; n = 897) was undertaken. Results: Lifetime suicidality in this study was 6.1% (95% CI, 4.6%–7.9%). Conclusions: Factors significantly associated with suicidality included mental disorder, the ecological factor district of residence, factors suggestive of low socioeconomic status, and disadvantaged childhood experiences.

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