The influence of clay mineralogy and diagenesis of Upper Carboniferous shales on soil formation in parts of Devon

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. GRAINGER
Keyword(s):  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Upper Carboniferous

The clay mineralogy of some tills in the Cambridge district

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (18) ◽  
pp. 193-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. S. Perrin
Keyword(s):  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Mineralogical Analysis ◽  
East Anglia

AbstractFour ice advances have been recognised in East Anglia but only two of these, the Lowestoft and the Gipping, have deposited till in the Cambridge area. The clay fractions of these tills have been investigated and compared with those of the Oxford, Ampthill, Kimeridge and Gault Clays, the Lower Greensand and the Chalk, all of which outcrop in the district and could be expected to contribute material to the tills.The value of clay mineralogical analysis as a means of measuring directions of ice-movement is critically discussed.An outline account is given of the more important processes of weathering and soil-formation which occur on the Gipping till in the Breckland area.

scholarly journals Rates of biogeochemical phosphorus and copper redistribution in young floodplain soils

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 2949-2956 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Zehetner ◽  
G. J. Lair ◽  
M. Graf ◽  
M. H. Gerzabek
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Soil Age ◽  
Marked Accumulation ◽  
Biogeochemical Transformations

Abstract. Nutrients and trace metals in river-floodplain systems may originate from anthropogenic activities and/or geogenic sources. Here, we analyze a soil chronosequence (2 to approximately 600 years) on a floodplain at the Danube River (Austria) to quantify the rates of P and Cu redistribution among biogeochemical pools during early soil formation under temperate continental climate. While bulk and clay mineralogy remained unchanged over the studied age gradient, we found considerable (mostly non-linear) redistribution of P and Cu among biogeochemical pools. The calcium-associated P and Cu fractions decreased rapidly during the initial decades of soil formation. The dissolution of calcium-associated P was mirrored by marked accumulation of organic P. Copper incorporated within resistant minerals showed a relative enrichment with soil age. The mean dissolution rates of calcium-associated (primary mineral) P decreased exponentially with increasing soil age from ~1.6 g m−2 yr−1 over ~15 years to ~0.04 g m−2 yr−1 over ~550 years, and were almost an order of magnitude higher than rates reported for tropical environments. Our study demonstrates that on riverine floodplains, rapid biogeochemical transformations can occur within the first centuries of soil formation under temperate climatic conditions.

Soil evolution and development of the clay mineral assemblages of a Podzol and a Cambisol in ‘Meggerwald’, Switzerland

Clay Minerals ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Egli ◽  
R. Zanelli ◽  
G. Kahr ◽  
A. Mirabella ◽  
P. Fitze
Keyword(s):  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Soil Evolution ◽  
Evolution And Development ◽  
Haplic Podzol ◽  
Chelating Compounds ◽  
Glacial Tills

AbstractTwo soils, a haplic Podzol and a dystric Cambisol, developed from post-glacial tills, were studied with respect to their soil chemistry and clay mineralogy. Although the state factors (age, geology, topography, climate) of soil formation were almost identical, two different types developed. The E horizon of the Podzol contained more smectite, characterized by a montmorillonite-beidellitemixed phase. The neoformation of smectite could be traced back to the weathering of mica and chlorite. The Podzol had less hydroxy-interlayered smectite (HIS) in the surface horizons than the Cambisol. A larger amount of chelating compounds in the E horizon of the Podzol either transformed HIS into smectites or inhibited the formation of HIS and favoured the formation of smectites. The physical structure of the soil material is believed to be the most important factor in the different modes of soil evolution. The greater abundance of coarse pores in the topsoil at the Podzol site probably led to a faster eluviation of base cations, a different vegetation at ground level, and, consequently, to a faster soil evolution with the formation of spodic horizons.

Impacts of clay mineralogy and physiographic units on the distribution of potassium forms in calcareous soils in Iran

Clay Minerals ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rezapour ◽  
A. A. Jafarzadeh ◽  
A. Samadi ◽  
S. Oustan
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Alluvial Plain ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Piedmont Plain ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
North West ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

AbstractThe potassium pools of five major physiographic units of the Urmia region situated in western Azerbaijan province, north-west Iran, were studied to determine the distribution of K forms as functions of clay mineralogy and physiographic units. Soil samples from horizons of ten pedons were selected and analysed for physiochemical properties, clay mineralogy and forms of K. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the soils were similar in clay-mineral compositions, consisting of illite, smectite, chlorite, and kaolinite, for the different physiographic units, but vary in the relative amounts of these minerals. The illite content was highest in piedmont plain (P.P) followed by plateau (Pl), river alluvial plain (R.A.P), colluvial alluvial plain (C.A.R) and lowland (L.L) units. Smectite content was highest in Pl followed by P.P, L.L, R.A.P and C.A.P units. Several processes, such as the diversity of weathering rate, biocyclying processes of K accumulation, geomorphologic conditions and soil formation processes, caused significant differences in most K forms in the soils. A wide variation in total K (HF-extractable K) (0.54–1.1%), non-exchangeable K (280–450 mg kg–1) and exchangeable K (217–330 mg kg–1) occurred among the physiographic units, corresponding to variations in their mineralogical compositions, mainly the abundance of illite. Significant differences (P ⩽ 0.05) were found for K, HNO3-extractable K and non-exchangeable K between the soils with large illite contents (30–50%) and with small illite contents (10–30%). A significant positive relationship existed between mineral K and illite content (r2 = 0.85, P ⩽ 0.001) and non-exchangeable K and illite content (r2 = 0.84, P ⩽ 0.001). The results indicated that these pools of K are mainly released from the frayed edges and wedge zones of illite.

Quantitative clay mineralogy of a Vertic Planosol in southwestern Ethiopia: Impact on soil formation hypotheses

Geoderma ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 214-215 ◽  
pp. 184-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathijs Dumon ◽  
Alemayehu Regassa Tolossa ◽  
Boris Capon ◽  
Christophe Detavernier ◽  
Eric Van Ranst
Keyword(s):  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia

Genesis of upland soils, Lewes Plateau, central Yukon. Part 2: Soils formed in weathered granitic bedrock

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley Dampier ◽  
Paul Sanborn ◽  
Scott Smith ◽  
Jeffrey Bond ◽  
John J. Clague
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
Soil Evolution ◽  
Soil Features ◽  
Upland Soils ◽  
Plateau Central

Dampier, L., Sanborn, P., Smith, S., Bond, J. and Clague, J. J. 2011. Genesis of upland soils, Lewes Plateau, central Yukon. Part 2: Soils formed in weathered granitic bedrock. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 579–594. Polygenetic soils have formed on weathered granitic bedrock at high elevation (>1200 m asl) beyond the penultimate glacial limit on the Lewes Plateau in central Yukon Territory. Solum thickness in four Brunisols that were examined exceeds the depths of excavated pits (85–110 cm), but data indicate limited chemical weathering. Clay mineralogy is dominated by vermiculite and kaolinite. Smectite and chlorite are present in horizons derived, respectively, from residuum and colluvium. Sola are strongly cryoturbated, in spite of the lack of permafrost at these sites today. Three scenarios are proposed to explain these soils: preservation of relict soil features beneath cold-based ice, prolonged interglacial soil formation following erosion of till deposited by warm-based ice, and ice-free conditions throughout the Quaternary, with soil evolution shaped by multiple glacial-interglacial cycles.

Some aspects of the genesis of an alpine humus soil

Soil Research ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Brewer ◽  
AD Haldane
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Change ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Humus Soil ◽  
In Situ Weathering

An alpine humus soil profile has been examined in the field, in thin section and by X-ray diffraction. The presence of a stone line and the sudden change in characteristics across the stone line, including particle size distribution, degree of exfoliation of the micas, major mineral composition, and clay mineralogy suggest that this is a polygenetic profile consisting of two soil stratigraphic units. There has been little pedological reorganization within either unit, soil formation consisting essentially of in situ weathering, removal of soluble constituents, and accumulation of organic matter, with some biological activity, in the upper unit. It is shown that gibbsite derived from weathering of feldspar is a major component of the clay fraction, especially in the lower unit. The clay mineralogy is considered in relation to proposed mineral weathering sequences and weathering in a yellow podzolic soil.

scholarly journals Rates of biogeochemical phosphorus and copper redistribution in young floodplain soils

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 9525-9545
Author(s):  
F. Zehetner ◽  
G. J. Lair ◽  
M. Graf ◽  
M. H. Gerzabek
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Soil Age ◽  
Marked Accumulation ◽  
Continental Climate

Abstract. Nutrients and trace metals in river-floodplain systems may originate from anthropogenic activities and/or geogenic sources. Here, we analyze a soil chronosequence on a floodplain at the Danube River (Austria) to quantify the rates of P and Cu redistribution among biogeochemical pools during 600 years of soil formation under temperate continental climate. While bulk and clay mineralogy remained unchanged over the studied age gradient, we found considerable (mostly non-linear) redistribution of P and Cu among biogeochemical pools. The calcium-associated P and Cu pools decreased rapidly during the initial decades of soil formation. The dissolution of the calcium-associated pools was mirrored by marked accumulation of organic P, but was not accompanied by changes in organic matter-associated Cu. The dissolution rates of calcium-associated (primary mineral) P showed an exponential decrease with increasing soil age, and were almost an order of magnitude higher than rates reported for tropical environments. Our study demonstrates that on riverine floodplains, substantial biogeochemical redistribution can occur within the first centuries of soil formation, and that, even under temperate climatic conditions, biogeochemical transformation rates can be exceedingly high in these ecosystems.

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