Conservation Of Symphytum Officinale L. At Cmprh Garden, Emerald

Symphytum L. commonly called as comfrey, belongs to the family Boraginaceae. The genus of Symphytum L. have a great medicinal value and used to treat a wide variety of ailments viz., bronchial problems, sprains, broken bones, arthritis, acne and skin conditions whereas pharmacological effects of comfrey extracts are endorsed to several chemical compounds. In view of above point, the present study of Survey, Collection and Documentation of Symphytum species, were carried out in different places of India. The rhizomes of Symphytum species were collected from Mynala village of Nilgiris, subsequent survey were carried out to IIIM Chatha Research Farm Jammu Tawi during 2017-2018 and it was grown at CMPRH garden, Emerald to confirm the identification of plants species. This specimen was collected and preserved herbarium at CMPRH garden Emerald for future reference. Among plants parts roots and leaves are mostly used for homeopathic system of medicine and this species were maintained and reproduces subsequent year by seed and root fragments. Root cuttings are the least expensive method of propagation. In addition to that Performance of Symphytum officinale at Nilgiris conditions were observed and the results revealed that Symphytum officinale L. is an erect, perennial herb with thick root stock. Leaves oblong-lanceolate and flowers are blue in colour. The data on length of root ranged from 10-20 cm with black to brown colour. Similarly, the length of lower, middle and upper cauline leaves ranged from 32.3-37.2 cm, 25.2-27.8cm, 10.4- 13.2cm, respectively Whereas the width of the lower, middle, upper leaves ranged 12.5-17.4 cm , 7.6- 10.2cm , 3.4-4.1cm, respectively. Further, the studies on Symphytum officnale regarding root yield, dry matter ratio of leaves and roots as well as physiochemical properties other chemical compounds present and uses in homoeopathic system of the medicine under the Nilgiris condition are need to be studied elaborately in future.

On Degree Based Topological Indices of TiO2 Crystal via M-Polynomial

Topological indices (TI) (descriptors) of a molecular graph are very much useful to study various physiochemical properties. It is also used to develop the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) of the corresponding chemical compound. Various techniques have been developed to calculate the TI of a graph. Recently a technique of calculating degree-based TI from M-polynomial has been introduced. We have evaluated various topological descriptors for 3-dimensional TiO2 crystals using M-polynomial. These descriptors are constructed such that it contains 3 variables (m, n and t) each corresponding to a particular direction. These 3 variables facilitate us to deeply understand the growth of TiO2 in 1 dimension (1D), 2 dimensions (2D), and 3 dimensions (3D) respectively. HIGHLIGHTS Calculated degree based Topological indices of a 3D crystal from M-polynomial A relation among various Topological indices is established geometrically Variations of Topological Indices along three dimensions (directions) are shown geometrically Harmonic index approximates the degree variation of oxygen atom

Design of Magnetic Nanoplatforms for Cancer Theranostics

Cancer is the top cause of death globally. Developing smart nanomedicines that are capable of diagnosis and therapy (theranostics) in one–nanoparticle systems are highly desirable for improving cancer treatment outcomes. The magnetic nanoplatforms are the ideal system for cancer theranostics, because of their diverse physiochemical properties and biological effects. In particular, a biocompatible iron oxide nanoparticle based magnetic nanoplatform can exhibit multiple magnetic–responsive behaviors under an external magnetic field and realize the integration of diagnosis (magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonic imaging, photoacoustic imaging, etc.) and therapy (magnetic hyperthermia, photothermal therapy, controlled drug delivery and release, etc.) in vivo. Furthermore, due to considerable variation among tumors and individual patients, it is a requirement to design iron oxide nanoplatforms by the coordination of diverse functionalities for efficient and individualized theranostics. In this article, we will present an up–to–date overview on iron oxide nanoplatforms, including both iron oxide nanomaterials and those that can respond to an externally applied magnetic field, with an emphasis on their applications in cancer theranostics.

Permeability Enhancement of Methotrexate Transdermal Gel using Eucalyptus oil, Peppermint Oil and Olive Oil(Conference Paper )#

Objective: the idea of this study to improve transdermal permeability of Methotrexate using eucalyptus oil, olive oil and peppermint oil as enhancers.Method: eucalyptus oil (2% and 4%), peppermint oil (2% and 4%) and olive oil (2% and 4%) all used as natural enhancers to develop transdermal permeability of Methotrexate via gel formulation. The gel was subjected to many physiochemical properties tests. In-vitro release and permeability studies for the drug were done by Franz cell diffusion across synthetic membrane, kinetic model was studied via korsmeyer- peppas equation.Result: the results demonstrate that safe, nonirritant or cause necrosis to rats' skin and stable till 60 days gel was successfully formulated.Methotrexate penetration alone without enhancer is only about 20%, while using enhancers reach to 85%, 99% and 90% with eucalyptus oil 4%, peppermint oil 4% and olive oil 4% respectively after 24 hours.Conclusion: Methotrexate transdermal gel was prepared and evaluated fruitfully in-vitro with a good permeation across semipermeable membrane. The results indicated that using of peppermint oil as enhancer have superiority to enhance the transdermal permeation of the Methotrexate.

Facile fabrication of TiO2/Bi5O7Br photocatalysts for visible-light-assisted removal of tetracycline and dye wastewaters

The emergence of persistent organic pollutants such as dyes and pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment has created drastic concerns worldwide due to their toxicity and potential hazards to the environment. Accordingly, non-stoichiometric TiO2/Bi5O7Br nanocomposites were prepared by stirring method as a visible-light-effective photocatalyst for degradation of amoxicillin (AMX) and tetracycline (TC), as antibiotic pollutants, and Rhodamine B (RhB), methylene blue (MB), and malachite green (MG), as dye pollutants. The physiochemical properties of the samples were studied using FESEM, TEM/HRTEM, XRD, EDX, UV–vis DRS, FT-IR, XPS, BET, PL, photocurrent, and EIS analyses. The TiO2/Bi5O7Br (40%) photocatalyst performed superior to TiO2, Bi5O7Br, and TiO2/BiOBr (40%) in photodegradation of the studied contaminants. The degradation rate constants of AMX, TC, MG, RhB, and MB over the TiO2/Bi5O7Br (40%) photocatalyst were 18.2‒32.5-folds greater than pure TiO2, 1.6‒17.3 times higher than pure Bi5O7Br, and 1.4‒13 times larger than TiO2/BiOBr (40%), respectively. Quenching studies showed that superoxide anion radicals and holes had major roles in photocatalytic elimination of TC. Importantly, TiO2/Bi5O7Br (40%) nanocomposite showed robust reusability with high degree of TC removal after four successive photocatalytic recycles. This research introduces a cost-effective, efficient, and reusable visible-light-triggered binary system based on TiO2 for decontamination of medicinal and dye polluted wastewaters.

Pharmacokinetic Developability and Disposition Profiles of Bispecific Antibodies: A Case Study with Two Molecules

Bispecific antibodies (BsAb) that engage multiple pathways are a promising therapeutic strategy to improve and prolong the efficacy of biologics in complex diseases. In the early stages of discovery, BsAbs often exhibit a broad range of pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior. Optimization of the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) interactions and removal of undesirable physiochemical properties have been used to improve the ‘pharmacokinetic developability’ for various monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics, yet there is a sparsity of such information for BsAbs. The present work evaluated the influence of FcRn interactions and inherent physiochemical properties on the PK of two related single chain variable fragment (scFv)-based BsAbs. Despite their close relation, the two BsAbs exhibit disparate PK in cynomolgus monkeys with BsAb-1 having an aberrant clearance of ~2 mL/h/kg and BsAb-2 displaying a an ~10-fold slower clearance (~0.2 mL/h/kg). Evaluation of the physiochemical characteristics of the molecules, including charge, non-specific binding, thermal stability, and hydrophobic properties, as well as FcRn interactions showed some differences. In-depth drug disposition results revealed that a substantial disparity in the complete release from FcRn at a neutral pH is a primary factor contributing to the rapid clearance of the BsAb-1 while other biophysical characteristics were largely comparable between molecules.

Core-Proteomics-Based Annotation of Antigenic Targets and Reverse-Vaccinology-Assisted Design of Ensemble Immunogen against the Emerging Nosocomial Infection-Causing Bacterium Elizabethkingia meningoseptica

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is a ubiquitous Gram-negative emerging pathogen that causes hospital-acquired infection in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. It is a multi-drug-resistant bacterium; therefore, an effective subunit immunogenic candidate is of great interest to encounter the pathogenesis of this pathogen. A protein-wide annotation of immunogenic targets was performed to fast-track the vaccine development against this pathogen, and structural-vaccinology-assisted epitopes were predicted. Among the total proteins, only three, A0A1T3FLU2, A0A1T3INK9, and A0A1V3U124, were shortlisted, which are the essential vaccine targets and were subjected to immune epitope mapping. The linkers EAAK, AAY, and GPGPG were used to link CTL, HTL, and B-cell epitopes and an adjuvant was also added at the N-terminal to design a multi-epitope immunogenic construct (MEIC). The computationally predicted physiochemical properties of the ensemble immunogen reported a highly antigenic nature and produced multiple interactions with immune receptors. In addition, the molecular dynamics simulation confirmed stable binding and good dynamic properties. Furthermore, the computationally modeled immune response proposed that the immunogen triggered a strong immune response after several doses at different intervals. Neutralization of the antigen was observed on the 3rd day of injection. Conclusively, the immunogenic construct produces protection against Elizabethkingia meningoseptica; however, further immunological testing is needed to unveil its real efficacy.

Microbial Communities and Physiochemical Properties of Four Distinctive Traditionally Fermented Vegetables from North China and Their Influence on Quality and Safety

The bacterial communities and physicochemical characteristics of four types of extremely distinctive traditionally fermented vegetables (pickled pepper (PP), pickled Brassica napobrassica (PBN), salted flowers of wild chives (SFWC), and pickled cucumber (PC)) were identified and compared from north China. Lactobacillus was the main bacterial genus in PP and PBN samples, with Oceanobacillus only being observed in PBN. The predominant genus in SFWC was Weissella, while in PC they were were Carnimonas and Salinivibrio. At the species level, Companilactobacillus ginsenosidimutans, Fructilactobacillus fructivorans, and Arcobacter marinus were abundant in PP and PBN. Levilactobacillus brevis and Companilactobacillus alimentarius were enriched in PP, and L. acetotolerans, Ligilactobacillus acidipiscis and Pediococcus parvulus were observed in PBN. Weissella cibaria and Kosakonia cowanii were abundant in SFWC. Moreover, tartaric acid was the most physicochemical factor influencing microbial composition, followed by malic acid, titratable acidity (TA), and lactic acid. Furthermore, functional analysis demonstrated that the most genes of the bacterial profiles correlated with carbohydrate metabolism. However, some foodborne pathogens were existed, such as Staphylococcus and Arcobacter marinus. The results of this study provide detailed insight into the relationship between the bacterial communities and physicochemical indices of fermented vegetables, and may improve the quality and safety of traditional Chinese fermented vegetables.