The effect of the classical and medium chain triglyceride ketogenic diet on vitamin and mineral levels

Abstract Pharmacoresistant epilepsy causes serious deleterious effects on the patient’s health and quality of life. For this condition, a ketogenic diet (KD) is a treatment option. The KD is a general term for a set of diets that contain high amounts of fat and low content of carbohydrates. The most prominent KD treatments are classical KD (4:1 ratio of fat to carbohydrate), modified Atkins diet (2:1 to 1:1 ratio), medium-chain triglycerides KD (with medium-chain triglyceride as a part of the fat content), and low glycemic index KD (using low glycemic carbohydrates). KD has been widely prescribed for children with epilepsy but not for adult patients. One of the main concerns about adult use of KD is its cardiovascular risk associated with high-fat and cholesterol intake. Therefore, this narrative review provides comprehensive information of the current literature on the effects of KD on lipid profile, glycemic-control biomarkers, and other cardiometabolic risk factors in adult patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy.

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Clinical effects of one year of chemotherapy with a modified medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet on the recurrence of stage IV colon cancer.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2018.36.15_suppl.e15709 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e15709-e15709 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kenji Furukawa ◽

Kyosuke Shigematus ◽

Yoshie Iwase ◽

Wakako Mikami ◽

Hiroko Hoshi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colon Cancer ◽

Ketogenic Diet ◽

Medium Chain Triglyceride ◽

Stage Iv ◽

Clinical Effects ◽

Medium Chain ◽

One Year

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The Medium-Chain Triglyceride Ketogenic Diet

Dietary Treatment of Epilepsy: Practical Implementation of Ketogenic Therapy ◽

10.1002/9781118702772.ch9 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 78-88

Author(s):

Elizabeth Neal

Keyword(s):

Ketogenic Diet ◽

Medium Chain Triglyceride ◽

Medium Chain

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Neuronal decanoic acid oxidation is markedly lower than that of octanoic acid: A mechanistic insight into the medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet

Epilepsia ◽

10.1111/epi.13833 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 58 (8) ◽

pp. 1423-1429 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Aziza Khabbush ◽

Michael Orford ◽

Yi-Chen Tsai ◽

Tricia Rutherford ◽

Maura O'Donnell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ketogenic Diet ◽

Octanoic Acid ◽

Medium Chain Triglyceride ◽

Decanoic Acid ◽

Acid Oxidation ◽

Medium Chain ◽

Mechanistic Insight ◽

Insight Into

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Identifying the Molecular Mechanism of the Medium Chain Triglyceride (Ketogenic) Diet

10.1093/med/9780190497996.003.0033 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Matthew C. Walker ◽

Robin S.B. Williams

Keyword(s):

Ketogenic Diet ◽

Seizure Control ◽

Medium Chain Triglyceride ◽

Decanoic Acid ◽

In Vivo Models ◽

Principal Mechanism ◽

Excitatory Neurotransmitter ◽

Medium Chain

The medium chain triglyceride (MCT) ketogenic diet provides a highly effective and commonly used approach for treating drug-resistant epilepsy. It is associated with elevated levels of two MCT-derived fatty acids, decanoioc and octanoic acids. Researchers have identified a role for decanoic acid and a range of novel related chemicals in seizure control in multiple acute in vitro and in vivo models. A principal mechanism of decanoic acid is direct inhibition of AMPA receptors, key excitatory neurotransmitter receptors widely recognized as a target for seizure control. These data suggest a therapeutic mechanism of the MCT ketogenic diet through a direct fatty acid–dependent mechanism, independent of ketosis. This discovery will enable the development of an improved and, potentially, better-tolerated diet and the generation of a corresponding pharmaceutical approach. The diet should be termed the MCT diet, as the consequent ketosis may not be necessary for seizure control.

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