scholarly journals Neuronal decanoic acid oxidation is markedly lower than that of octanoic acid: A mechanistic insight into the medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet

Epilepsia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1423-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziza Khabbush ◽  
Michael Orford ◽  
Yi-Chen Tsai ◽  
Tricia Rutherford ◽  
Maura O'Donnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Octanoic Acid ◽  
Medium Chain Triglyceride ◽  
Decanoic Acid ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Mechanistic Insight ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Octanoic acid a major component of widely consumed medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet is detrimental to bone

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreshta Jain ◽  
Reena Rai ◽  
Divya Singh ◽  
Divya Vohora
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Octanoic Acid ◽  
Bone Microarchitecture ◽  
Medium Chain Triglyceride ◽  
Decanoic Acid ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Treatment Groups

AbstractOctanoic acid is a medium-chained saturated fatty acid found abundantly in the ketogenic dietary supplements containing medium chained triglycerides (MCT) along with decanoic acid. The MCT ketogenic diet is commonly consumed for weight loss but has also showcased neuroprotective potential against neurodegenerative disorders. However, recent clinical findings have reported a critical disadvantage with the long-term consumption of ketogenic diet i.e. bone loss. The following study was employed to investigate whether the two major components of MCT diet also possess bone loss potential as observed with classical ketogenic diet. Swiss albino mice aged between 10 and 12 weeks, were divided into 3 treatment groups that were administered with oral suspensions of octanoic acid, decanoic acid and a combination of both for 4 weeks. Bone specific markers, microarchitectural parameters, using micro computed tomography, and biomechanical strength were analyzed. Remarkably deleterious alterations in the trabecular bone microarchitecture, and on bone markers were observed in the octanoic acid treated groups. Our results suggest significant negative effects on bone health by octanoic acid. These findings require further investigation and validation in order to provide significant clinically relevant data to possibly modify dietary composition of the MCT ketogenic diet.

scholarly journals Decanoic Acid Stimulates Autophagy in D. discoideum

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2946
Author(s):  
Eleanor C. Warren ◽  
Pavol Kramár ◽  
Katie Lloyd-Jones ◽  
Robin S. B. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Octanoic Acid ◽  
Medium Chain Triglyceride ◽  
Decanoic Acid ◽  
Autophagic Flux ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Autophagosome Formation ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Autophagy Induction

Ketogenic diets, used in epilepsy treatment, are considered to work through reduced glucose and ketone generation to regulate a range of cellular process including autophagy induction. Recent studies into the medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) ketogenic diet have suggested that medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) provided in the diet, decanoic acid and octanoic acid, cause specific therapeutic effects independent of glucose reduction, although a role in autophagy has not been investigated. Both autophagy and MCFAs have been widely studied in Dictyostelium, with findings providing important advances in the study of autophagy-related pathologies such as neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we utilize this model to analyze a role for MCFAs in regulating autophagy. We show that treatment with decanoic acid but not octanoic acid induces autophagosome formation and modulates autophagic flux in high glucose conditions. To investigate this effect, decanoic acid, but not octanoic acid, was found to induce the expression of autophagy-inducing proteins (Atg1 and Atg8), providing a mechanism for this effect. Finally, we demonstrate a range of related fatty acid derivatives with seizure control activity, 4BCCA, 4EOA, and Epilim (valproic acid), also function to induce autophagosome formation in this model. Thus, our data suggest that decanoic acid and related compounds may provide a less-restrictive therapeutic approach to activate autophagy.

Identifying the Molecular Mechanism of the Medium Chain Triglyceride (Ketogenic) Diet

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Walker ◽  
Robin S.B. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Seizure Control ◽  
Medium Chain Triglyceride ◽  
Decanoic Acid ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Principal Mechanism ◽  
Excitatory Neurotransmitter ◽  
Medium Chain

The medium chain triglyceride (MCT) ketogenic diet provides a highly effective and commonly used approach for treating drug-resistant epilepsy. It is associated with elevated levels of two MCT-derived fatty acids, decanoioc and octanoic acids. Researchers have identified a role for decanoic acid and a range of novel related chemicals in seizure control in multiple acute in vitro and in vivo models. A principal mechanism of decanoic acid is direct inhibition of AMPA receptors, key excitatory neurotransmitter receptors widely recognized as a target for seizure control. These data suggest a therapeutic mechanism of the MCT ketogenic diet through a direct fatty acid–dependent mechanism, independent of ketosis. This discovery will enable the development of an improved and, potentially, better-tolerated diet and the generation of a corresponding pharmaceutical approach. The diet should be termed the MCT diet, as the consequent ketosis may not be necessary for seizure control.

scholarly journals A 48‐year‐old female, with a family history of AD PSEN1 mutation, who developed mild cognitive impairment and tried ketogenic diet‐associated medium‐chain triglyceride as treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (S6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Melo de Andrade Lima ◽  
Marta Corrado ◽  
Marcela Marques de Oliveira Gregório ◽  
Paulo Henrique Ferreira Bertolucci
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Family History ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Medium Chain Triglyceride ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Psen1 Mutation ◽  
History Of

Ketogenic diet, seizure control, and cardiometabolic risk in adult patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy: a review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela S Neves ◽  
Mariana S Lunardi ◽  
Katia Lin ◽  
Débora Kurrle Rieger ◽  
Letícia C Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Medium Chain Triglyceride ◽  
General Term ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Pharmacoresistant Epilepsy ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Modified Atkins Diet ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Cholesterol Intake

Abstract Pharmacoresistant epilepsy causes serious deleterious effects on the patient’s health and quality of life. For this condition, a ketogenic diet (KD) is a treatment option. The KD is a general term for a set of diets that contain high amounts of fat and low content of carbohydrates. The most prominent KD treatments are classical KD (4:1 ratio of fat to carbohydrate), modified Atkins diet (2:1 to 1:1 ratio), medium-chain triglycerides KD (with medium-chain triglyceride as a part of the fat content), and low glycemic index KD (using low glycemic carbohydrates). KD has been widely prescribed for children with epilepsy but not for adult patients. One of the main concerns about adult use of KD is its cardiovascular risk associated with high-fat and cholesterol intake. Therefore, this narrative review provides comprehensive information of the current literature on the effects of KD on lipid profile, glycemic-control biomarkers, and other cardiometabolic risk factors in adult patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy.

Clinical effects of one year of chemotherapy with a modified medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet on the recurrence of stage IV colon cancer.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15709-e15709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Furukawa ◽  
Kyosuke Shigematus ◽  
Yoshie Iwase ◽  
Wakako Mikami ◽  
Hiroko Hoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Medium Chain Triglyceride ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
One Year

The effect of the classical and medium chain triglyceride ketogenic diet on vitamin and mineral levels

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Christodoulides ◽  
E. G. Neal ◽  
G. Fitzsimmons ◽  
H. M. Chaffe ◽  
Y. M. Jeanes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Medium Chain Triglyceride ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Mineral Levels

scholarly journals Optimizing a Fed-Batch High-Density Fermentation Process for Medium Chain-Length Poly(3-Hydroxyalkanoates) in Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan A. Scheel ◽  
Truong Ho ◽  
Yuki Kageyama ◽  
Jessica Masisak ◽  
Seamus McKenney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Octanoic Acid ◽  
Decanoic Acid ◽  
High Density ◽  
Fed Batch ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Length

Production of medium chain-length poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) [PHA] polymers with tightly defined compositions is an important area of research to expand the application and improve the properties of these promising biobased and biodegradable materials. PHA polymers with homopolymeric or defined compositions exhibit attractive material properties such as increased flexibility and elasticity relative to poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [PHB]; however, these polymers are difficult to biosynthesize in native PHA-producing organisms, and there is a paucity of research toward developing high-density cultivation methods while retaining compositional control. In this study, we developed and optimized a fed-batch fermentation process in a stirred tank reactor, beginning with the biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxydecanoate) [PHD] from decanoic acid by β-oxidation deficient recombinant Escherichia coli LSBJ using glucose as a co-substrate solely for growth. Bacteria were cultured in two stages, a biomass accumulation stage (37°C, pH 7.0) with glucose as the primary carbon source and a PHA biosynthesis stage (30°C, pH 8.0) with co-feeding of glucose and a fatty acid. Through iterative optimizations of semi-defined media composition and glucose feed rate, 6.0 g of decanoic acid was converted to PHD with an 87.5% molar yield (4.54 g L–1). Stepwise increases in the amount of decanoic acid fed during the fermentation correlated with an increase in PHD, resulting in a final decanoic acid feed of 25 g converted to PHD at a yield of 89.4% (20.1 g L–1, 0.42 g L–1 h–1), at which point foaming became uncontrollable. Hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, 10-undecenoic acid, and 10-bromodecanoic acid were all individually supplemented at 20 g each and successfully polymerized with yields ranging from 66.8 to 99.0% (9.24 to 18.2 g L–1). Using this bioreactor strategy, co-fatty acid feeds of octanoic acid/decanoic acid and octanoic acid/10-azidodecanoic acid (8:2 mol ratio each) resulted in the production of their respective copolymers at nearly the same ratio and at high yield, demonstrating that these methods can be used to control PHA copolymer composition.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the antimicrobial performance of menthol and menthol-based deep eutectic solvents as potential future antibiotic

2021 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 02010
Author(s):  
Nor Azrini Nadiha Azmi ◽  
Amal Elgharbawy ◽  
Hamzah Mohd Salleh ◽  
Adeeb Hayyan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Octanoic Acid ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Decanoic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Eutectic Mixtures ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Antimicrobial Performance ◽  
Insight Into

Triggered by the strong antimicrobial activities of menthol and various fatty acids, eutectic mixtures based on the components are developed, producing new solvents that have possibilities to become a new antibiotic. This study aims to provide an insight into the antimicrobial activities of the new deep eutectic solvents (DESs) developed. Menthol-based DES combined with fatty acids, namely propionic acid, butanoic acid, hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, decanoic acid, and levulinic acid, were successfully obtained and their thermal profile was analyzed. The antimicrobial potential of DES systems was evaluated against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Owing to the activities of the start-up components, the results are considered promising, and this illustrates the potential of the newly obtained DESs as a new antimicrobial agent in various fields such as food, cosmetics as well as pharmaceutical.

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