HIV testing and antiretroviral treatment strategies for prevention of HIV infection: impact on antiretroviral drug resistance

2011 ◽  
Vol 270 (6) ◽  
pp. 532-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Nichols ◽  
C. A. B. Boucher ◽  
D. A. M. C. van de Vijver
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug Resistance ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
Prevention Of Hiv

Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Testing in Adults With HIV Infection

JAMA ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 279 (24) ◽  
pp. 1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin S. Hirsch ◽  
Brian Conway ◽  
Richard T. D'Aquila ◽  
Victoria A. Johnson ◽  
Françoise Brun-Vézinet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistance Testing ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug

scholarly journals Antiretroviral drug resistance among antiretroviral-naïve persons with recent HIV infection in Thailand

HIV Medicine ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 322-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Apisarnthanarak ◽  
T Jirayasethpong ◽  
C Sa-nguansilp ◽  
H Thongprapai ◽  
C Kittihanukul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug Resistance ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
Recent Hiv Infection

scholarly journals Adding Education to “Test and Treat”: Can We Overcome Drug Resistance?

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mo’tassem Al-arydah ◽  
Robert Smith
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Test And Treat ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug Resistance ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
Behaviour Changes

Recent mathematical modelling has advocated for rapid “test-and-treat” programs for HIV in the developing world, where HIV-positive individuals are identified and immediately begin a course of antiretroviral treatment, regardless of the length of time they have been infected. However, the foundations of this modelling ignored the effects of drug resistance on the epidemic. It also disregarded the heterogeneity of behaviour changes that may occur, as a result of education that some individuals may receive upon testing and treatment. We formulate an HIV/AIDS model to theoretically investigate how testing, educating HIV-positive cases, treatment, and drug resistance affect the HIV epidemic. We consider a variety of circumstances: both when education is included and not included, when testing and treatment are linked or are separate, when education is only partly effective, and when treatment leads to drug resistance. We show that education, if it is properly harnessed, can be a force strong enough to overcome the effects of antiretroviral drug resistance; however, in the absence of education, “test and treat” is likely to make the epidemic worse.

An observational study of antiretroviral drug resistance in treatment-naïve patients with HIV infection in New Zealand, from 2007 to 2011

Sexual Health ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Hobbs ◽  
Jinyang Shi ◽  
Michael Maze ◽  
Simon Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistance Testing ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
Treatment Naïve

Background Genotypic testing for antiretroviral drug resistance is recommended for all patients newly diagnosed with HIV infection. This study sought to quantify the prevalence of antiretroviral drug resistance in treatment-naïve patients with HIV infection in New Zealand. Methods: All genotypic antiretroviral drug resistance testing in New Zealand is performed at LabPLUS, Auckland City Hospital. The clinicians who requested antiretroviral drug resistance testing during the period 2007–2011 were contacted and were asked to identify which patients with HIV infection were treatment-naïve at the time of testing. Results of the antiretroviral drug resistance tests for treatment-naïve patients with HIV infection were reviewed and the prevalence of resistance determined. Results: Two hundred and 10 treatment-naïve patients with HIV infection who had antiretroviral drug resistance testing performed were included; 20 (10%) were found to have a significant resistance mutation. Nine patients had virus resistant to one or more nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, 13 to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and one to protease inhibitors. Conclusions: The prevalence of antiretroviral drug resistance in treatment-naïve patients with HIV infection identified in this study is comparable to rates identified in studies from North America, the UK and Europe. This prevalence demonstrates the need for antiretroviral drug resistance testing for all treatment-naïve patients with HIV infection in New Zealand.

Transmitted Antiretroviral Drug Resistance in Individuals with Newly Diagnosed HIV Infection: South Carolina 2005–2009

2011 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eren Youmans ◽  
Avnish Tripathi ◽  
Helmut Albrecht ◽  
James J. Gibson ◽  
Wayne A. Duffus
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug Resistance ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug

scholarly journals Drug resistance in HIV-positive adults during the initial year of antiretroviral treatment at Ethiopian health centers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Reepalu ◽  
Dawit A Arimide ◽  
Taye T Balcha ◽  
Habtamu Yeba ◽  
Adinew Zewdu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug Resistance ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hiv Positive Adults ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives The increasing prevalence of antiretroviral drug resistance in sub-Saharan Africa threatens the success of HIV programs. We have characterized patterns of drug resistance mutations (DRM) during the initial year of antiretroviral treatment (ART) in HIV-positive adults receiving care at Ethiopian health centers and investigated the impact of tuberculosis on DRM acquisition. Methods Participants were identified from a cohort of ART-naïve individuals aged ≥18 years, all of whom had been investigated for active tuberculosis at inclusion. Individuals with viral load (VL) data at 6 and/or 12 months after ART initiation were selected for this study. Genotypic testing was performed on samples with VL≥500 copies/mL obtained on these occasions, and on pre-ART samples from those with detectable DRM during ART. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between DRM acquisition and tuberculosis. Results Among 621 included individuals (110 [17.5%] with concomitant tuberculosis), 101/621 (16.3%) had VL≥500 copies/mL at 6 and/or 12 months. DRM were detected in 64/98 cases with successful genotyping (65.3%). DRM were detected in 7/56 (12.5%) pre-ART samples from these individuals. High pre-ART VL and low mid-upper arm circumference were associated with increased risk of DRM acquisition, whereas no such association was found for concomitant tuberculosis. Conclusions Among adults receiving health-center based ART in Ethiopia, most patients without virological suppression during the first year of ART had detectable DRM. Acquisition of DRM during this period was the dominant cause of antiretroviral drug resistance in this setting. Tuberculosis did not increase the risk of DRM acquisition.

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