Plant responses to insect herbivory: interactions between photosynthesis, reactive oxygen species and hormonal signalling pathways

Programmed cell death (PCD) plays crucial roles in plant development and defence response. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during normal plant growth, and high ROS concentrations can change the antioxidant status of cells, leading to spontaneous cell death. In addition, ROS function as signalling molecules to improve plant stress tolerance, and they induce PCD under different conditions. This review describes the mechanisms underlying plant PCD, the key functions of mitochondria and chloroplasts in PCD, and the relationship between mitochondria and chloroplasts during PCD. Additionally, the review discusses the factors that regulate PCD. Most importantly, in this review, we summarise the sites of production of ROS and discuss the roles of ROS that not only trigger multiple signalling pathways leading to PCD but also participate in the execution of PCD, highlighting the importance of ROS in PCD.

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Hydrogen Sulfide and Reactive Friends: The Interplay with Reactive Oxygen Species and Nitric Oxide Signalling Pathways

Proceedings of the International Plant Sulfur Workshop - Molecular Physiology and Ecophysiology of Sulfur ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-20137-5_16 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 153-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John T. Hancock ◽

Matthew Whiteman

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Hydrogen Sulfide ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Signalling Pathways ◽

Oxygen Species

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Nitric Oxide Enhances Cytotoxicity of Lead by Modulating the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Is Involved in the Regulation of Pb2+ and Ca2+ Fluxes in Tobacco BY-2 Cells

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants8100403 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 403 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jiaye Wu ◽

Yue Zhang ◽

Ruizhi Hao ◽

Yuan Cao ◽

Xiaoyi Shan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Cell Death ◽

Calcium Homeostasis ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Ros Generation ◽

Plant Responses ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

In Cells

Lead is a heavy metal known to be toxic to both animals and plants. Nitric oxide (NO) was reported to participate in plant responses to different heavy metal stresses. In this study, we analyzed the function of exogenous and endogenous NO in Pb-induced toxicity in tobacco BY-2 cells, focusing on the role of NO in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as Pb2+ and Ca2+ fluxes using non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT). Pb treatment induced BY-2 cell death and rapid NO and ROS generation, while NO burst occurred earlier than ROS accumulation. The elimination of NO by 2-4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO) resulted in a decrease of ROS, and the supplementation of NO by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) caused an increased accumulation of ROS. Furthermore, the addition of exogenous NO stimulated Pb2+ influx, thus promoting Pb uptake in cells and aggravating Pb-induced toxicity in cells, whereas the removal of endogenous NO produced the opposite effect. Moreover, we also found that both exogenous and endogenous NO enhanced Pb-induced Ca2+ effluxes and calcium homeostasis disorder. These results suggest that exogenous and endogenous NO played a critical regulatory role in BY-2 cell death induced by Pb stress by promoting Pb2+ influx and accumulation and disturbing calcium homeostasis.

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Pirfenidone ameliorates concanavalin A-induced hepatitis in mice via modulation of reactive oxygen species/nuclear factor kappa B signalling pathways

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ◽

10.1111/jphp.12651 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 68 (12) ◽

pp. 1559-1566 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Dina S. El-Agamy

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Concanavalin A ◽

Nuclear Factor Kappa B ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Signalling Pathways ◽

Nuclear Factor ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Nuclear Factor Kappa

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COX-2 induction by unconjugated bile acids involves reactive oxygen species-mediated signalling pathways in Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma

Gut ◽

10.1136/gut.2007.121244 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 56 (11) ◽

pp. 1512-1521 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

S. Song ◽

S. Guha ◽

K. Liu ◽

N. S Buttar ◽

R. S Bresalier

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Bile Acids ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Barrett’S Oesophagus ◽

Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma ◽

Signalling Pathways ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Barrett's Oesophagus ◽

Cox 2

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Oxidative stress in marathon runners: interest of antioxidant supplementation

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn20061696 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 96 (S1) ◽

pp. S31-S33 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Mari-Carmen Gomez-Cabrera ◽

Agustín Martínez ◽

Gustavo Santangelo ◽

Federico V. Pallardó ◽

Juan Sastre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Xanthine Oxidase ◽

Cell Signalling ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽

Signalling Pathways ◽

Marathon Running ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Marathon Runners

We have recently reported that xanthine oxidase is involved in the generation of free radicals in exhaustive exercise. Allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, prevents it. The aim of the present work was to elucidate the role of exercise-derived reactive oxygen species in the cell signalling pathways involved in the adaptation to exercise in man. We have found that exercise causes an increase in the activity of plasma xanthine oxidase and an activation of NF-κB in peripheral blood lymphocytes after marathon running. This activation is dependent on free radical formation in exercise: treatment with allopurinol completely prevents it. In animal models, we previously showed that NF-κB activation induced by exhaustive physical exercise leads to an increase in the expression of superoxide dismutase, an enzyme involved in antioxidant defence. We report evidence in man that reactive oxygen species act as signals in exercise as decreasing their formation prevents activation of important signalling pathways which can cause useful adaptations in cells.

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Redox signalling involving NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst0340960 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 960-964 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

R. Dworakowski ◽

N. Anilkumar ◽

M. Zhang ◽

A.M. Shah

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Nadph Oxidase ◽

Second Messengers ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Signalling Pathways ◽

Cell Phenotype ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Mechanical Stimuli ◽

Nadph Oxidases ◽

Redox Signalling

Increased oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathophysiology of many diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction and heart failure. In addition to the well-known damaging effects of oxygen-free radicals, ROS (reactive oxygen species) also have signalling roles, acting as second messengers that modulate the activity of diverse intracellular signalling pathways and transcription factors, thereby inducing changes in cell phenotype. NADPH oxidases appear to be especially important sources of ROS involved in redox signalling. Seven NADPH oxidase isoforms, known as Noxs (NAPDH oxidases), are expressed in a cell- and tissue-specific fashion. These oxidases are thought to subserve distinct functions as a result of their tightly regulated activation (e.g. by neurohormonal and growth factors and mechanical stimuli) and their specific coupling with distinct downstream signalling pathways. In the present paper, we review the structure and mechanisms of activation of NADPH oxidases and consider their involvement in redox signalling, focusing mainly on the cardiovascular system.

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