scholarly journals Population differentiation in the banana leaf spot pathogen Mycosphaerella musicola, examined at a global scale

2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 713-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Hayden ◽  
J. Carlier ◽  
E. A. B. Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Population Differentiation ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Mycosphaerella Musicola ◽  
Banana Leaf

LEAF SPOT OF BANANAS CAUSED BY MYCOSPHAERELLA MUSICOLA: ASSOCIATED ASCOMYCETOUS FUNGI

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1481-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Stover
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Mycosphaerella Musicola ◽  
Banana Leaf

In addition to perithecia, spermagonia, and sporodochia of Mycosphaerella nmsicola Leach (Cercospora musac Zimm.), perithecia of M. minima Stahel, Leptosphaeria sp., Micronectridla sp. and Didymella sp. are present in banana leaf spots in Honduras. All of these fungi discharge ascospores from both surfaces of wet leaf spots. Discharges of M. musicola and Didymella are most abundant from June through December whereas ascospores of Micronectriella are abundant from January to June. Ascospores of M. minima and especially Leptosphaeria are abundant at all times. The two-celled ascospores of M. musicola, M. minima, and Didymella are readily identified by size, shape, and type of germination. M. musicola perithecia can be readily distinguished in non-sectioned lactophenol-cleared leaf tissue by the dark thick walls of the ostiole and periderm. M. minima and Micronectriella can produce ascospores in siugle-ascospore cultures. The latter also produces Fusarium macroconidia. Micronectriella sp. is present in young healthy leaves and is considered a banana leaf inhabitant. Perithecia of all species are more abundant in areas of mass leaf spot infection than in single, scattered spots.

Characterization of Exserohilum rostratum, a new causal agent of banana leaf spot disease in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan-Hai Lin ◽  
Si-Liang Huang ◽  
Qi-Qin Li ◽  
Chun-Jin Hu ◽  
Gang Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Exserohilum Rostratum ◽  
Banana Leaf

Characterization of a bacterial biocontrol strain B106 and its efficacies on controlling banana leaf spot and post-harvest anthracnose diseases

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Fu ◽  
Siliang Huang ◽  
Yunfeng Ye ◽  
Yongguan Wu ◽  
Zhenlu Cen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Banana Leaf ◽  
Biocontrol Strain

Leaf spot of bananas caused by Mycosphaerella musicola: action of oil on the life cycle of the pathogen

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1495-1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Stover ◽  
J. D. Dickson
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Mycosphaerella Musicola ◽  
Appressoria Formation ◽  
Ascospore Production ◽  
Germ Tube Growth

Oil spray reduced germination, germ tube growth, and appressoria formation by spores of Mycosphaerella musicola under field conditions for periods varying from 2 days to 2 weeks. Inhibition occurred only when spores were on the same leaf surface to which oil was applied. Appressoria formation and germ tube growth were reduced up to 33% and 25%, respectively. Conidia and ascospore production and dissemination were not adversely affected by oil spray. However, there were fewer sporodochia and perithecia in spots that were slow to develop as a result of oil spray. Oil application up to 2 weeks before or after infection increased the incubation period and the generation time, and reduced the number of spots. Oil is effective in retarding spot development when applied either before streaks appear or at the yellow streak stage of disease development. Oil, when applied during the incubation period or to yellow streaks, causes a variable amount of reduction in spotting and in only a minority of cases is disease development stopped completely. Therefore, leaf spot can build up on oil-sprayed plants when inoculum is abundant and weather favorable. The behavior of the pathogen on oil-sprayed susceptible banana plants is similar to that on partially resistant varieties.

scholarly journals The control of sigatoka (banana leaf spot disease) by mist-blowing with Banacobre-Sandoz.

1955 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-83
Author(s):  
D. Tollenaar
Keyword(s):  
Droplet Size ◽  
Cuprous Oxide ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Weekly Cycles ◽  
Banana Leaf

In Ecuador a special mist blower was constructed with a pipe 8 1/2 m. high, at the top of which were 6 downward-pointing outlets. A 3 % solution of Banacobre-Sandoz (a cuprous oxide with a sticker) was blown down on the upper leaf surfaces of banana rows on each side. The droplet size was 50-100 mu . Satisfactory control of banana leaf spot was obtained by using 100 1. spray per ha., in regular 3- or 4-weekly cycles from the beginning of January. Fruit washing was not necessary after using this spray. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Population Differentiation at the HLA Genes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora Y. C. Brandt ◽  
Jônatas César ◽  
Jérôme Goudet ◽  
Diogo Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Population Differentiation ◽  
Balancing Selection ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Hla Genes ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Genomic Regions

ABSTRACTBalancing selection is defined as a class of selective regimes that maintain polymorphism above what is expected under neutrality. Theory predicts that balancing selection reduces population differentiation, as measured by FST. However, balancing selection regimes in which different sets of alleles are maintained in different populations could increase population differentiation. To tackle this issue, we investigated population differentiation at the HLA genes, which constitute the most striking example of balancing selection in humans. We found that population differentiation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the HLA genes is on average lower than that of SNPs in other genomic regions. However, this result depends on accounting for the differences in allele frequency between selected and putatively neutral sites. Our finding of reduced differentiation at SNPs within HLA genes suggests a predominant role of shared selective pressures among populations at a global scale. However, in pairs of closely related populations, where genome-wide differentiation is low, differentiation at HLA is higher than in other genomic regions. This pattern was reproduced in simulations of overdominant selection. We conclude that population differentiation at the HLA genes is generally lower than genome-wide, but it may be higher for recently diverged population pairs, and that this pattern can be explained by a simple overdominance regime.

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