Genotypic diversity and migration of clonal lineages ofBotrytis cinereafrom chickpea fields of Bangladesh inferred by microsatellite markers

Ceratocystis wilt on eucalyptus, caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata, was first recognized in 1997 in the state of Bahia, Brazil, but is now known in five other states and in four other countries. C. fimbriata is a native, soilborne pathogen in some parts of Brazil but we hypothesized that genotypes of the pathogen have been moved among plantations in rooted cuttings collected from diseased trees and within plantations on cutting tools. We used six microsatellite markers to identify 78 genotypes of C. fimbriata among 177 isolates from individual trees in 20 eucalyptus plantations. The highest gene and genotypic diversity values were found in plantations on formerly wild Cerrado forest in Minas Gerais, suggesting that the fungus was in the soil prior to planting eucalyptus. In contrast, one or only a few genotypes were found in plantations on previous pastureland (with no woody hosts) in Bahia and São Paulo, and most of these genotypes were found in a Bahian nursery or in one of two Bahian plantations that were sources for rooted cuttings. Sources of cuttings tended to be dominated by one or a few genotypes that may have been spread within the plantation on cutting tools.

Download Full-text

Influence of fruit dispersal on genotypic diversity and migration rates of a clonal cactus from the Chihuahuan Desert

Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.1002/ece3.4657 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (24) ◽

pp. 12559-12575

Author(s):

Erick García‐Morales ◽

Israel G. Carrillo‐Ángeles ◽

Jordan Golubov ◽

Daniel Piñero ◽

María C. Mandujano

Keyword(s):

Chihuahuan Desert ◽

Genotypic Diversity ◽

Migration Rates ◽

And Migration ◽

Fruit Dispersal

Download Full-text

Microsatellite markers reveal geographic population differentiation in Trichophyton rubrum

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.47138-0 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 56 (8) ◽

pp. 1058-1065 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Yvonne Gräser ◽

Janine Fröhlich ◽

Wolfgang Presber ◽

Sybren de Hoog

Keyword(s):

Microsatellite Markers ◽

Trichophyton Rubrum ◽

Genotypic Diversity ◽

Geographic Population ◽

Multilocus Genotypes ◽

Worldwide Distribution ◽

Typing Methods ◽

Multiple Strains ◽

Two Populations ◽

Selection Of

A worldwide selection of more than 200 isolates of the anthropophilic dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum were analysed using seven microsatellite markers. Fifty-five multilocus genotypes were recognized, allowing a subdivision of the species into two populations. Both populations reproduced strictly clonally, showed a different predilection on the human host (scalp vs foot) and displayed geographic differentiation. Genotypes of one population originated predominantly from Africa, whilst the second population showed a worldwide distribution excluding the African continent. Genotypic diversity was highest in the African population, despite the lower number of strains analysed, suggesting that T. rubrum is likely to have evolved in Africa. No diagnostic correlation was observed between multilocus genotypes and any of the phenotypical characteristics of the strains. The involvement of multiple strains in a single patient detected by workers using other typing methods was not supported by these microsatellite markers. Four of the developed microsatellite markers may be applied for diagnostic purposes.

Download Full-text

Genotypic diversity and migration patterns of Phytophthora infestans in the Nordic countries

Fungal Biology ◽

10.1016/j.funbio.2013.08.002 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 117 (10) ◽

pp. 722-730 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Lina Sjöholm ◽

Björn Andersson ◽

Nils Högberg ◽

Anna-Karin Widmark ◽

Jonathan Yuen

Keyword(s):

Phytophthora Infestans ◽

Genotypic Diversity ◽

Nordic Countries ◽

Migration Patterns ◽

And Migration

Download Full-text

Demonstration of Retinal Glycogen with Silver Methenamine

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100066875 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 564-565

Author(s):

A. W. Sedar ◽

G. H. Bresnick

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Chromic Acid ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Müller Cell ◽

External Limiting Membrane ◽

Electron Microscope Level ◽

Reactive Process ◽

Inner Limiting Membrane ◽

Muller Cell ◽

And Migration

After experimetnal damage to the retina with a variety of procedures Müller cell hypertrophy and migration occurs. According to Kuwabara and others the reactive process in these injuries is evidenced by a marked increase in amount of glycogen in the Müller cells. These cells were considered originally supporting elements with fiber processes extending throughout the retina from inner limiting membrane to external limiting membrane, but are known now to have high lactic acid dehydrogenase activity and the ability to synthesize glycogen. Since the periodic acid-chromic acid-silver methenamine technique was shown to demonstrate glycogen at the electron microscope level, it was selected to react with glycogen in the fine processes of the Müller cell that ramify among the neural elements in various layers of the retina and demarcate these cells cytologically. The Rhesus monkey was chosen as an example of a well vascularized retina and the rabbit as an example of a avascular retina to explore the possibilities of the technique.

Download Full-text

Structure and migration of planar defects in crystals observed in atomic scale

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100108568 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 284-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. Hashimoto ◽

Y. Sugimoto ◽

Y. Takai ◽

H. Endoh

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Rotation Angle ◽

Crystal Surface ◽

Electron Gun ◽

Atomic Scale ◽

Present Observation ◽

Twist Boundary ◽

Optical Magnification ◽

Zinc Crystal ◽

And Migration

As was demonstrated by the present authors that atomic structure of simple crystal can be photographed by the conventional 100 kV electron microscope adjusted at “aberration free focus (AFF)” condition. In order to operate the microscope at AFF condition effectively, highly stabilized electron beams with small energy spread and small beam divergence are necessary. In the present observation, a 120 kV electron microscope with LaB6 electron gun was used. The most of the images were taken with the direct electron optical magnification of 1.3 million times and then magnified photographically.1. Twist boundary of ZnSFig. 1 is the image of wurtzite single crystal with twist boundary grown on the surface of zinc crystal by the reaction of sulphur vapour of 1540 Torr at 500°C. Crystal surface is parallel to (00.1) plane and electron beam is incident along the axis normal to the crystal surface. In the twist boundary there is a dislocation net work between two perfect crystals with a certain rotation angle.

Download Full-text