scholarly journals Movement of Genotypes of Ceratocystis fimbriata Within and Among Eucalyptus Plantations in Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (8) ◽  
pp. 1005-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Ferreira ◽  
Thomas C. Harrington ◽  
Acelino C. Alfenas ◽  
Eduardo S. G. Mizubuti
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
The State ◽  
Soilborne Pathogen ◽  
Ceratocystis Fimbriata ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Ceratocystis Wilt ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantations ◽  
Individual Trees

Ceratocystis wilt on eucalyptus, caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata, was first recognized in 1997 in the state of Bahia, Brazil, but is now known in five other states and in four other countries. C. fimbriata is a native, soilborne pathogen in some parts of Brazil but we hypothesized that genotypes of the pathogen have been moved among plantations in rooted cuttings collected from diseased trees and within plantations on cutting tools. We used six microsatellite markers to identify 78 genotypes of C. fimbriata among 177 isolates from individual trees in 20 eucalyptus plantations. The highest gene and genotypic diversity values were found in plantations on formerly wild Cerrado forest in Minas Gerais, suggesting that the fungus was in the soil prior to planting eucalyptus. In contrast, one or only a few genotypes were found in plantations on previous pastureland (with no woody hosts) in Bahia and São Paulo, and most of these genotypes were found in a Bahian nursery or in one of two Bahian plantations that were sources for rooted cuttings. Sources of cuttings tended to be dominated by one or a few genotypes that may have been spread within the plantation on cutting tools.

scholarly journals Resistance of Eucalyptus Clones to Ceratocystis fimbriata

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 758-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. V. Zauza ◽  
A. C. Alfenas ◽  
T. C. Harrington ◽  
E. S. Mizubuti ◽  
J. F. Silvai
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Ceratocystis Fimbriata ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantations ◽  
Hybrid Eucalyptus ◽  
Xylem Discoloration

Ceratocystis fimbriata, the inciting agent of wilt, canker, and dieback in eucalyptus plantations, was first reported in Brazil in 1998. There is no information regarding the resistance of Eucalyptus spp. to this pathogen. We determined the reaction of 18 Brazilian, commercial clones of the hybrid Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla to inoculation by two isolates of the pathogen in two experiments. Container-grown, 8-month-old rooted cuttings of each clone were wound-inoculated with a conidial suspension (2.5 × 106/ml). Plants similarly injected with sterile distilled water served as controls. The plants were evaluated after 30 days for length of xylem discoloration. There was a significant isolate by clone interaction, but most clones reacted similarly to the two isolates. Six clones, including one observed to be highly susceptible under field conditions, were highly susceptible (>20 cm discoloration) to one or both isolates of the pathogen. Four clones showed no more discoloration with either isolate than with the control inoculations, and the other eight clones were intermediate in susceptibility. Thus, highly resistant clones are available to manage this disease.

Effect of diamond dressing on the state of the surface layers of high-speed steel cutting tools

1972 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 516-518
Author(s):  
V. Ya. Bulanov ◽  
A. P. Shevel ◽  
P. A. Yudkovskii
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
The State ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Steel Cutting

scholarly journals Resistance to Ceratocystis Wilt (Ceratocystis fimbriata) in Parents and Progenies of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Cristina Gonçalves Rosado ◽  
Lúcio Mauro Da Silva Guimarães ◽  
Miranda Titon ◽  
Douglas Lau ◽  
Leonardo Rosse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Ceratocystis Fimbriata ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Ceratocystis Wilt ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
High Degree

AbstractCeratocystis wilt, caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata, is one of the most damaging diseases in eucalyptus plantations worldwide. Although there are resistant genotypes, the genetic basis of resistance is still poorly understood. In this paper we studied the resistance level by a stem inoculation experiment of genotypes of Eucalyptus grandis and E. urophylla and estimated the heritability and gains of selection in families derived from controlled interspecific crosses. In both species, highly resistant as well as highly susceptible genotypes to Ceratocystis wilt were found. Out of 21 parents assessed, twelve were resistant and nine susceptible. Estimates of individual narrow (50%) and broad (59%) sense heritability suggested a high degree of genetic control and low allelic dominance of the trait. There was great genetic variation among and within families, a fact that contributes to high heritability and genetic gain. A genetic gain in lesion size of up to -74.4% was obtained from selection of the 50 best clones in the evaluated families, i.e., the mean lesion length in the progeny population can be reduced by 74,4%.

Diagnostics of the state of cutting tools in flexible automatic production systems

1985 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 525-526
Author(s):  
F. Kh. Abdrakhmanov ◽  
R. A. Agadzhanyan ◽  
R. Kh. Mamin ◽  
I. M. Mannapov ◽  
I. A. Lazarev
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
The State ◽  
Automatic Production

Genotypic diversity and clone size in old-growth populations of coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens)

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 1408-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah L Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Sequoia Sempervirens ◽  
Allozyme Diversity ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Clone Size ◽  
Coast Redwood ◽  
Ring Structures ◽  
Individual Trees

Coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl.) has long-lived individual trees that can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Allozyme markers indicate that, in old-growth populations in northern California, 15-34% of clones are multistemmed. Of those, they have few stems per clone, and none are very spatially pervasive. There is much variety in the clonal configurations observed, including circular, linear, and (or) disjunct arrangements. Visual assessment is a poor predictor of clonal identity and fairy ring structures more often than not contain multiple genotypes. In this first allozyme study of coast redwood, high levels of genetic variation are observed, higher than those observed for most other western conifers. These levels are perhaps related to the species' hexaploid condition, ancient phylogenetic lineage, and historically broader natural range. There are also generally high levels of genotypic diversity. Upland sites, with more frequent and intense fires, do not differ significantly in genotypic diversity from the more mesic lowland sites. Population structure in coast redwood seems to resemble the classic pattern for many open-pollinated conifers: much diversity within and little among populations. However, this is not a rangewide study. The current levels and structure of genetic and genotypic diversity in old-growth populations suggests episodic recruitment. The long-lived nature of individual stems and the capacity for asexual reproduction may allow clones to exist indefinitely, thus challenging some of the generalizations in evolutionary theory that are based on sexually reproducing species.Key words: clones, asexual reproduction, allozyme diversity, conifer, gymnosperm, polyploid.

scholarly journals CERATOCYSTIS WILT IN ‘UBÁ’ AND ‘DURA’ MANGO TREES UNDER WATER DEFICIT

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
SAULO DAVID REZENDE DA SILVA ◽  
DALMO LOPES DE SIQUEIRA ◽  
LUIS CARLOS CHAMHUM SALOMÃO ◽  
PAULO ROBERTO CECON ◽  
ACELINO COUTO ALFENAS
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Ceratocystis Fimbriata ◽  
Ceratocystis Wilt ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Lower Severity ◽  
Semi Arid

ABSTRACT The occurrence of water stress in mango trees grown in orchards located in semi-arid climates in Brazil is frequent. Water stress caused to plants may predispose them to the incidence of fungal diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of water deficit on the incidence and severity of Ceratocystis wilt in mango trees considered resistant. Seedlings of ‘Ubá’ and ‘Dura’ were kept in pots and submitted to different water stress levels and inoculated with Ceratocystis fimbriata isolate (CEBS15). Mortality was low in ‘Ubá’ plants and high in ‘Dura’ plants. ‘Ubá’ plants showed lower severity and lesion length. In ‘Ubá’ plants, water deficit influenced the increase in lesion length. ‘Dura’ plants showed greater severity and lesion length, which were not affected by increasing water stress. It was concluded that ‘Ubá’ variety is resistant to fungus Ceratocystis fimbriata, even in severe drought conditions, while ‘Dura’ variety was not resistant to CEBS15 isolate, even under optimum irrigation conditions.

scholarly journals The condition of Aesculus hippocastanum L. trees in the avenues of the central part of the city of Obrenovac

2014 ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Milorad Veselinović ◽  
Suzana Mitrović ◽  
Zlatan Radulović ◽  
Dragana Dražić ◽  
Nevena Čule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
The State ◽  
Aesculus Hippocastanum ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Anthropogenic Influences ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Tree Line ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
The City ◽  
Morphology Characteristics

In urban areas treelined paths are the most vulnerable element. According expected functions treelined paths in certain street are unsatisfactory with their appearance and general condition. These are primarily biological, ecological, sociological and aesthetic functions. Because of negative anthropogenic influences trees are with low level condition, very low functionality and the unsatisfactory state of health. Most of the trees exist in very difficult circumstances of streets, there are crowded in the underground and in the aboveground part. In such circumstances, just as individual specimens of trees grow into individuals who manifest themselves in terms of morphology characteristics which are representative of its species. In this paper is presented the state of the avenue of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) in two central streets of the old part of Obrenovca. The data were analyzed on the basis of the reviewed every tree and with the particular assessing the state of the crown and the state of the trunk. Based on the analysis of the results measures are proposed for the rehabilitation of individual trees as well as measures for the reconstruction of the entire tree line.

scholarly journals Survey, Identification, and Pathogenicity of Ceratocystis fimbriata Complex Associated with Wilt Disease on Acacia mangium in Malaysia

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1782
Author(s):  
Samsuddin Ahmad Syazwan ◽  
Ahmad Mohd-Farid ◽  
Wan-Azhar Wan-Muhd-Azrul ◽  
Hishamuddin Muhammad Syahmi ◽  
Abdullah Mohd Zaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Ceratocystis Fimbriata ◽  
Ceratocystis Wilt ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Status ◽  
Plantation Species ◽  
Bark Peeling

Ceratocystis wilt disease surveys were conducted in three selected Malaysian Acacia mangium plantations. These completed surveys revealed the occurrence of the wilt disease, with the incidence of infection ranging from 7.5% to 13.6%. Signs of wood-boring insects, bark peeling due to squirrel activity, and pruning wounds were often associated with this disease. The fungus most frequently isolated from the diseased trees was the Ceratocystis fungus. The analysis on the morphological characteristics has identified the fungus as Ceratocystis fimbriata complex. Phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences of the ITS, and concatenated sequences of EF1α-βT regions grouped the isolates within the C. fimbriata sensu stricto, in comparison to other C. fimbriata isolates. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on six to nine-month-old healthy A. mangium seedlings by inoculating these seedlings with eight out of the 16 isolates. The results demonstrated that all the isolates were pathogenic, with mortality beginning as early as two weeks after inoculation. However, an ANOVA test indicated a significant difference between the pathogenicity levels among the fungal isolates. The results also showed that pathogen aggressiveness was not correlated with geographical origin. A host range test was also conducted by using C. fimbriata SSB3 and FRIM1162 isolates against several forest plantation species. The findings suggested that only A. mangium was susceptible to C. fimbriata. The other species remained healthy with no symptoms of infection even after seven weeks of treatment, as compared to the A. mangium species, where between 38 to 60% of the inoculated plants had died. This study provides new information on the status of Ceratocystis wilt disease, especially on the occurrence and effects on A. mangium plantation, by giving insights on how to control and manage this ferocious plant pathogen in the future.

ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF PLANTINGS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL No. 19 CITIES OF YOSHKAR-OLA

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
M.A. Anisimova ◽  
◽  
E.A. Medvedkova ◽  
S.V. Mukhametova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
The State ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Sanitary Condition ◽  
Mountain Ash ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
The City

The purpose of the study is to analyze the sanitary condition of tree and shrub vegetation on the territory of school No. 19 in the city of Yoshkar-Ola. This work is relevant, since the school is a place for long-term stay of children of school and preschool age and the natural environment is an integral part of their educational activities. To determine the assessment of the state of the stand, the coefficients of the state of plants are calculated: the states of individual trees are determined by the external signs of a 5-point scale. Next, the coefficients of the state of the tree species are calculated according to the corresponding formula. The coefficients of the state of the stand as a whole are also found as the arithmetic mean of the coefficients of the state of individual tree spe-cies. As a result, an assessment of the state of the stand according to this gradation was deter-mined. Woody plants growing on the territory of secondary school No. 19 in Yoshkar-Ola were examined. A total of 35 species of coniferous and deciduous plants have been identified. Most species are characterized by a weakened state. Plants of hawthorn-blood-red, poplar × 'Soviet Py-ramidal', prickly plum and mountain ash are the most weakened. The condition of the plantings as a whole is assessed as weakened. It is recommended to carry out agrotechnical measures for plants and cleaning of dead specimens.

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