Effects of vitamin A supplementation on child mortality: evidence from Nepal's 2001 Demographic and Health Survey

Abstract Background: Household air pollution (HAP) from solid fuel use (SFU) for cooking has been considered a public health threat, particularly for women and children in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), with limited evidence. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of HAP on neonatal, infant, and under-five child mortality in Myanmar. Methods: This cross-sectional study employed data from the Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS), the first nationally representative survey conducted in 2016. Data were collected from MDHS based on stratified two-stage cluster sampling design applied in urban and rural areas. The sample consists of 3249 under-five children in the household with a 98% response rate. Exposure measures were HAP (coal and biomass) and level of exposure to HAP (no exposure, moderate and high exposure). The main outcomes were neonatal, infant, and under-five child mortality reported by mothers presented in rates and risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals, accounting for survey weight and cluster variation. Results: The prevalence of SFU was 79.0%. The neonatal, infant and under-five child mortality rates were 26, 45, and 49 per 1,000 live births, respectively. The risks of infant (aRR 2.02; 95% CI: 1.01-4.05) and under-five mortality (aRR 2.16; 95% CI: 1.07-4.36) mortality were higher among children from households with SFU compared to children from households using clean fuel. When applying an augmented measure of exposure to HAP by incorporating SFU and the kitchen's location, the likelihoods of infant and under-five mortality were even higher among moderate and highly exposed children than unexposed children with similar trends. Neonatal mortality was not associated with either HAP exposure or levels of exposure to HAP.Conclusion: Infants and under-five children are at higher risk of mortality from exposure to HAP. Increasing access to cookstoves and clean fuels is imperative to reduce the risk of infant and under-five child mortality in LMICs, including Myanmar.

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High prevalence of under-five child mortality in the pastoralist communities of Ethiopia: Evidence from the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data

10.21203/rs.3.rs-61694/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mesfin Wudu Kassaw ◽

Aele Mamo ◽

Biruk Abate ◽

Ayelign Kassie ◽

Seteamlak Masresha

Keyword(s):

Survey Data ◽

Child Mortality ◽

Health Survey ◽

Wealth Index ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Under Five ◽

Khat Chewing ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Health Survey Data ◽

The Government

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and association of child mortality in the pastoralist regions of Ethiopia. The study is a further analysis from 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data. Results: The prevalence of under-five child mortality in the pastoralist’s regions was 23.2%, 95%CI (21.4%, 24.6%). The prevalence of mortality among daughters was 15.4%, 95%CI (14.2, 16.6%), and sons 16.8%, 95%CI (15.6, 18.1%).In logistic regression, wealth index, head of household, Khat chewing, type of child birth, husband education, and child age in months were associated with under-five mortality irrespective of the deceased children’s gender. The prevalence of under-five child mortality in the pastoralist regions of Ethiopia was high, which was far highest in relative to the national under-five mortality prevalence. In assessing the effect of variables on under-five child mortality by gender, almost all the variables that have an effect on female or male child are similar. The government should emphasize on the pastoralists’ regions to decrease the high prevalence of under-five child mortality.

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Refocusing vitamin A supplementation programmes to reach the most vulnerable

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001997 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (7) ◽

pp. e001997

Author(s):

Erin McLean ◽

Rolf Klemm ◽

Hamsa Subramaniam ◽

Alison Greig

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Child Mortality ◽

Vitamin A Deficiency ◽

Child Survival ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Vitamin A Supplementation ◽

Use Of Resources ◽

Year 2000 ◽

Programme Coverage

WHO recommends vitamin A supplementation (VAS) programmes for children 6–59 months where vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem. However, resources for VAS are falling short of current needs and programme coverage is suffering. The authors present the case for considering the options for shifting efforts and resources from a generalised approach, to prioritising resources to reach populations with continued high child mortality rates and high vitamin A deficiency prevalence to maximise child survival benefits . This includes evaluating where child mortality and/or vitamin A deficiency has dropped, as well as using under 5 mortality rates as a proxy for vitamin A deficiency, in the absence of recent data. The analysis supports that fewer countries may now need to prioritise VAS than in the year 2000, but that there are still a large number of countries that do. The authors also outline next steps for analysing options for improved targeting and cost-effectiveness of programmes. Focusing VAS resources to reach the most vulnerable is an efficient use of resources and will continue to promote young child survival.

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The Role of Wealth and Mother’s Education in Infant and Child Mortality in 26 Sub-Saharan African Countries: Evidence from Pooled Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) Data 2003–2011 and African Development Indicators (ADI), 2012

Social Indicators Research ◽

10.1007/s11205-015-1225-x ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 130 (3) ◽

pp. 1125-1146 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Okechukwu Dennis Anyamele ◽

John Obioma Ukawuilulu ◽

Benedict Ndubisi Akanegbu

Keyword(s):

Child Mortality ◽

Health Survey ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

African Countries ◽

African Development ◽

Development Indicators ◽

Infant And Child Mortality ◽

Mother’S Education ◽

Sub Saharan

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Parental education and child mortality in Burundi

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932000019325 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 255-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Josephine O'Toole ◽

Robert E. Wright

Keyword(s):

Child Mortality ◽

Health Survey ◽

Parental Education ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Proportional Hazards Models ◽

Key Factor ◽

Using Data ◽

The Relationship

SummaryThis paper examines the relationship between parental education and child mortality in Burundi using data collected in the 1987 Demographic and Health Survey. Proportional hazards models are estimated to examine this relationship, while holding constant other known child mortality determinants. Parental education proves to be a key factor in explaining differences in child mortality, the effect of maternal education being particularly strong compared to paternal education.

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